Human control of complex objects: Towards more dexterous robots.

Human control of complex objects: Towards more dexterous robots.
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DOI:
10.1080/01691864.2020.1777198
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Advanced robotics : the international journal of the Robotics Society of Japan
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sternad D
Sternad D
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bazzi S;Sternad D

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对于机器人来说,操纵具有欠驱动动力学的对象仍然是一个挑战。相比之下,人类擅长“使用工具”,对人类控制策略的更多洞察可能会为机器人控制架构提供信息。我们研究了人类对表现出复杂的驱动不足、非线性和潜在的混沌动力学的物体的控制,比如运送一杯咖啡。适用于无约束运动的简单控制策略,如最大化平稳性,由于相互作用力必须补偿或先发制人而失败。然而,当对象具有非线性和不可预测的动态时,基于内部模型的预测控制显得令人望而生畏。我们假设,人类学习的策略使这些互动是可预测的。在虚拟环境中,受试者通过机器人视觉和触觉界面与虚拟的杯子和滚球互动。两个不同的度量量化了可预测性:稳定性或收缩,以及控制器和对象之间的互信息。在点对点的位移中,受试者利用物体动力学的收缩区域来安全地导航扰动。控制收缩指标显示,受试者使用了指数稳定轨迹的控制器。在连续的杯球运动中,受试者开发了可预测的解决方案,牺牲了平稳性和能源效率。这些结果可能对灵巧机器人的控制策略和人机交互有一定的启发作用。
Manipulation of objects with underactuated dynamics remains a challenge for robots. In contrast, humans excel at ‘tool use’ and more insight into human control strategies may inform robotic control architectures. We examined human control of objects that exhibit complex - underactuated, nonlinear, and potentially chaotic dynamics, such as transporting a cup of coffee. Simple control strategies appropriate for unconstrained movements, such as maximizing smoothness, fail as interaction forces have to be compensated or preempted. However, predictive control based on internal models appears daunting when the objects have nonlinear and unpredictable dynamics. We hypothesized that humans learn strategies that make these interactions predictable. Using a virtual environment subjects interacted with a virtual cup and rolling ball using a robotic visual and haptic interface. Two different metrics quantified predictability: stability or contraction, and mutual information between controller and object. In point-to-point displacements subjects exploited the contracting regions of the object dynamics to safely navigate perturbations. Control contraction metrics showed that subjects used a controller that exponentially stabilized trajectories. During continuous cup-and-ball displacements subjects developed predictable solutions sacrificing smoothness and energy efficiency. These results may stimulate control strategies for dexterous robotic manipulators and human-robot interaction.
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