STEP-A Solar Chemical Process to End Anthropogenic Global Warming. II: Experimental Results
STEP-A Solar Chemical Process to End Anthropogenic Global Warming. II: Experimental Results
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DOI：
10.1021/jp111781a
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发表时间：
2011-06-16
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wu, Hongjun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Licht, Stuart;Wang, Baohui;Wu, Hongjun
需要替代化学工艺来降低大气温室气体的水平。实验支持我们的STEP理论，它预测的路径，以回收和去除二氧化碳在高（类似于50%）的太阳能效率。在高能分子的STEP（太阳能热电化学生产）中，发生电解，在低于储存在产物中的室温能量的高温电势下，通过过量的可再生热能加热。STEP在金属、燃料、氯和碳捕获的有效形成中得到证明。作为一个实例，通过区分作为足以驱动光伏电荷转移的能量的太阳光并将所有多余的能量应用于加热并降低吸热CO2裂解电解的自由能，将CO2转化为固体碳或CO。基于化学品流出到太阳能流入的能量效率是高的，至少为34%，并且可以达到50%以上，但是将取决于为熔融电解捕获的太阳热能的程度。作为另一个实例，在碳热法铁生产的替代方案中，碳热法铁生产占全球工业CO2排放的25%，在太阳能热加热的熔融碳酸盐中生产铁而没有CO2。Fe（III）（14 m）（如铁矿石中的赤铁矿）可溶于熔融Li2O和Li2CO3中，为STEP铁电解提供了一条简便的途径。此外，水在熔融盐中被有效地电解成氢气。最后，与漂白剂生产和脱盐相关，氯、钠和镁由氯化物形成。STEP为太阳能转换提供了一种不同的途径，具有高效率，能够主动去除二氧化碳，并产生一系列有用的化学物质，而不会排放温室气体。
Alternative chemical processes are needed to decrease the level of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Experimental support is presented of our STEP theory, which predicted a path to recycle and remove CO2 at high (similar to 50%) solar efficiency. In STEP (solar thermal electrochemical production) of energetic molecules, electrolysis occurs, heated by excess and renewable thermal energy at high-temperature potentials below that of the room-temperature energy stored in the products. STEP is demonstrated in the efficient formation of metals, fuels, chlorine, and carbon capture. As one example, CO2 is converted to solid carbon, or CO, by distinguishing sunlight that is energy sufficient to drive photovoltaic charge transfer and applying all excess energy to heat and decrease the free energy of the enodothermic CO2 splitting electrolysis. The energy efficiency, based on chemical flow out to solar flow in, is high, at least 34%, and may reach over 50% but will depend on the extent of the solar thermal energy captured for the molten electrolysis. As another example, in an alternative to carbothermal iron production, which is responsible for 25% of worldwide industrial CO2 emissions, iron is produced without CO2 in solar thermal heated molten carbonate. Fe(III) (14 m) (as in the iron ore, hematite) is soluble in molten Li2O and Li2CO3, providing a facile path for STEP iron electrolysis. Also, water is efficiently STEP electrolyzed in molten salts to hydrogen. Finally, of relevance to bleach production and desalinization, chlorine, sodium, and magnesium are formed from the chlorides. STEP provides a different pathway for solar energy conversion, at high efficiency, and is capable of proactively removing carbon dioxide and also generating a range of useful chemicals without greenhouse gas emission.