Community-Level Social Determinants and Children's School Readiness
Community-Level Social Determinants and Children's School Readiness
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11121-019-01002-8
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Pears, Katherine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lipscomb, Shannon T.;Miao, Alicia J.;Pears, Katherine
目前的研究探讨了社区的社会决定因素与每个社区上幼儿园的儿童在识字、数学、自我调节和社交技能方面的入学准备之间的联系。探讨了四类社会决定因素：社会经济、犯罪/暴力、健康和福祉以及获得资源的机会。数据来自俄勒冈州幼儿园评估，2014年秋季有40,652名幼儿园入学者就读于706所学校。706所学校分布在36个县。代表社会决定因素的变量来自2014-2015学年之前最近一年的各种公开数据来源。贝叶斯多层次模型进行了嵌套在学校内，县内的儿童。儿童的入学准备在所有四个领域的负面预测的经济劣势在学校一级（表示与他们一起上幼儿园的其他儿童），占经济劣势在自己的家庭。此外，学校一级的经济劣势放大了儿童经济劣势对其入学准备的负面影响。四个县级社会决定因素也预测了四个入学准备结果中的一个或多个，占儿童和学校层面的因素：儿童保育供应，行为犯罪，孕产妇吸烟和成人健康。由于样本量小，采用探索性方法，应谨慎解释县级调查结果。然而，这项研究是帮助领导者解决关键问题的第一步，这些问题涉及社区风险因素（如犯罪）和儿童保育等资源如何与社区儿童的入学准备有关。
The current study examined links between social determinants across communities and school readiness of children attending kindergarten in each community, in literacy, math, self-regulation, and social skills. Four types of social determinants were explored: socioeconomic, crime/violence, health and well-being, and access to resources. Data came from the Oregon Kindergarten Assessment, with 40,652 entering kindergarteners attending 706 schools in the fall of 2014. The 706 schools were nested within 36 counties. Variables representing social determinants were drawn from a variety of publicly available data sources from the year(s) most recently prior to the 2014-2015 school year. Bayesian multilevel modeling was conducted with children nested within schools, within counties. Children's school readiness in all four domains was negatively predicted by economic disadvantage at the school-level (indicated by other children with whom they attend Kindergarten), accounting for economic disadvantage in their own household. Moreover, school-level economic disadvantage amplified the negative effects of children's economic disadvantage on their school readiness. Four county-level social determinants also predicted one or more of the four school readiness outcomes, accounting for child- and school-level factors: child care supply, behavioral crime, maternal smoking, and adult health. County-level findings should be interpreted with caution due to a small sample and exploratory approach. However, this study is a first step to helping leaders address critical questions about how community risk factors like crime, and resources like child care, relate to school readiness among children in their communities.