REPRESENTING THE EXISTENCE AND THE LOCATION OF HIDDEN OBJECTS - OBJECT PERMANENCE IN 6-MONTH-OLD AND 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS
REPRESENTING THE EXISTENCE AND THE LOCATION OF HIDDEN OBJECTS - OBJECT PERMANENCE IN 6-MONTH-OLD AND 8-MONTH-OLD INFANTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0010-0277(86)90052-1
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发表时间：
1986-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
BAILLARGEON, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAILLARGEON, R
本实验研究了幼儿客体持久性的两个方面：表示隐藏的静止物体的存在和位置的能力，以及表示隐藏的移动物体的存在和轨迹的能力。六个月和八个月大的婴儿坐在屏幕前；屏幕左侧是一个倾斜的坡道。婴儿们观看了以下事件：屏幕升起和降低，一辆玩具车滚下坡道，从屏幕后面经过，从右侧退出装置。当婴儿习惯了这个事件后，他们看到了两个测试事件。这些与习惯化事件相同，只是在屏幕后面放置了一个盒子。在一次事件（可能的事件）中，盒子站在汽车轨道的后面；在另一种情况下（不可能发生的情况），它站在轨道顶部，挡住了汽车的路线。婴儿对不可能事件的注视时间比对可能事件的注视时间长，这表明当盒子挡在其路径上时，他们很惊讶地看到汽车从屏幕后面重新出现。将盒子放置在汽车轨道的前面（可能事件）或顶部（不可能事件）的对照实验产生了类似的结果。总而言之，这些实验的结果表明，婴儿明白：（1）盒子被屏幕遮挡后，在同一位置继续存在； （2）汽车消失在屏幕后面后继续存在，并追寻其轨迹； (3)小车不能滚动通过箱体所占的空间。这些结果对于婴儿关于物体的知识和婴儿推理能力的发展的理论和研究具有重要意义。
The present experiment investigated two facets of object permanence in young infants; the ability to represent the existence and the location of a hidden stationary object, and the ability to represent the existence and the trajectory of a hidden moving object. Six- and 8-month-old infants sat in front of a screen; to the left of the screen was an inclined ramp. The infants watched the following event: the screen was raised and lowered, and a toy car rolled down the ramp, passed behind the screen, and exited the apparatus to the right. After the infants habituated to this event, they saw two test events. These were identical to the habituation event, except that a box was placed behind the screen. In one event (possible event), the box stood in back of the car''s tracks; in the other (impossible event), it stood on top of the tracks, blocking the car''s path. Infants looked longer at the impossible than at the possible event, indicating that they were surprised to see the car reappear from behind the screen when the box stood in its path. A control experiment in which the box was placed in front (possible event) or on top (impossible event) of the car''s tracks yielded similar results. Together, the results of these experiments suggest that infants understood that (1) the box continued to exist, in its same location, after it was occluded by the screen; (2) the car continued to exist, and pursued its trajectory, after it disappeared behind the screen; and (3) the car could not roll through the space occupied by the box. These results have implications for theory and research on the development of infants'' knowledge about objects and infants'' reasoning abilities.