The Roles of Germin Gene Products in Plants Under Salt Stress
The Roles of Germin Gene Products in Plants Under Salt Stress
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Germin 基因产物在盐胁迫下植物中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Caliskan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Caliskan
植物的成员对各种内部和外部信号的反应不同。植物对生物和非生物胁迫因素的反应涉及生化、生理、形态和发育变化。在各种情况下，由于作物的耐盐性低，盐胁迫尤其受到广泛的研究。 Germin和germin-like基因产物先前被宣布参与植物发育的各个方面，例如植物防御、胚胎发育，并且它们对包括盐在内的生物和非生物胁迫作出反应。发现不同植物中萌发素和萌发素样基因对盐胁迫的反应是不同的。土壤盐度是农业中的一个重要问题，特别是因为大多数农作物的耐盐性较低。植物对盐胁迫的反应是一个复杂的现象，涉及生化和生理过程以及形态和发育变化（Flowers 等，1977；Greenway & Munns，1980）。鉴定其表达使植物能够适应或耐受盐胁迫的基因对于育种计划至关重要，但人们对耐盐性的遗传机制知之甚少。阐明盐胁迫相关分子机制的一种方法是识别其水平因盐胁迫而发生变化的基因。在这方面，Hurkman 等人。 (1989) 报道说，在大麦中，盐胁迫会改变基因调控，并且可翻译 mRNA 的水平会随着盐处理而变化。在盐胁迫响应基因产物中，鉴定出了胚芽蛋白和胚芽蛋白样蛋白（GLP）（Caliskan，1997；Hurkman 等，1989）。谷物胚芽蛋白是一种同五聚体质外体糖蛋白，其合成与发芽小麦胚的生长开始有关（Lane，1991）。萌芽基因及其蛋白质首先在发芽谷物中检测到（Grzelczak 等，1985），但随后，在双子叶被子植物（Michalowski 和 Bohnerd，1992）、裸子植物（Domon 等，1995）和苔藓（Yamahara 等，1999）中也发现了萌芽样蛋白。萌芽被认为是由各种生长相关基因组成的“超家族”的成员（Dunwell 等，2000）。谷物胚芽蛋白显示出很强的草酸氧化酶活性（Lane等人，1993），这种活性可以通过草酸的降解产生一摩尔H2O2和两摩尔CO2。据报道，H2O2 在低浓度时可能充当信号分子（Luthell，1993）或在高浓度时充当细胞壁修饰的成分（Showalter，1993）。另一种从苔藓 Barbula unguiculata 细胞中分离出来的类胚芽蛋白是
The members of plants response various internal and external signals differently. The responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stress factors involve biochemical, physiological, morphological and developmental changes. Among the various circumstances salt stress is particularly under extensive studies due to low salt tolerance of crop plants. Germin and germin-like gene products were previously announced to be involved in various aspects of plant development such as plant defence, embryonic development and they are responsive to biotic and abiotic stress including salt. The responses of germin and germin like genes to salt stress are found to be various in different plants. The salinity of soil is an important problem in agriculture, particularly since the majority of crop plants have low salt tolerance. The response of plants to salt stress is a complex phenomenon that involves biochemical and physiological processes as well as morphological and developmental changes (Flowers et al., 1977; Greenway & Munns, 1980). The identification of genes whose expression enables plants to adapt to or tolerate to salt stress is essential for breeding programs, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms for salt tolerance. One approach in clarifying the molecular mechanisms involved in salt stress is to identify the genes whose levels change as a result of salt stress. In this aspect, Hurkman et al. (1989) reported that in barley, gene regulation is altered by salt stress and the levels of translatable mRNAs change with salt treatment. Among the salt stress responsive gene products, germin and germin-like proteins (GLP) were identified (Caliskan, 1997; Hurkman et al., 1989). Cereal germin protein is a homopentameric apoplastic glycoprotein whose synthesis is associated with the onset of growth in germinating wheat embryos (Lane, 1991). Germin genes and their proteins were first detected in germinating cereals (Grzelczak et al., 1985), but subsequently, germin-like proteins were also identified in dicotyledonous angiosperms (Michalowski and Bohnerd, 1992), gymnosperms (Domon et al., 1995) and mosses (Yamahara et al., 1999). Germins are suggested to be a member of “superfamily” which comprises various growth-related genes (Dunwell et al., 2000). Cereal germin proteins display strong oxalate oxidase activity (Lane et al., 1993), an activity that generates one mole of H2O2 and two moles of CO2 from the degradation of oxalic acid. It is reported that H2O2 might act as a signaling molecule at low concentration (Luthell, 1993) or a component of cell wall modifications at high concentrations (Showalter, 1993). Another germin-like protein isolated from the cells of a moss, Barbula unguiculata, was
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.4.1242
发表时间：
1993-02-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
KUAN, IC;TIEN, M
通讯作者：
TIEN, M