Origin and Diversification of Freshwater Fishes in Lake Biwa
Origin and Diversification of Freshwater Fishes in Lake Biwa
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琵琶湖淡水鱼的起源和多样性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Nakazawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Okuda;Katsutoshi Watanabe;Kayoko Fukumori;S. Nakano;T. Nakazawa
琵琶湖是日本最大、最古老的湖泊。这里有一千多种动植物，包括67种本地淡水鱼种/亚种，有16种特有种或半特有种。古地理和古生物学研究表明，在400多万年的历史中，湖泊的位置和环境发生了变化。现在的琵琶湖形成于40万年前，环境独特。琵琶湖的特有鱼类传统上分为老的“遗存物种”和新“在湖中进化的物种”，后者被认为是通过对当前湖泊环境的生态适应而进化的。然而，最近的分子系统发育/种群遗传分析表明，许多“在湖中进化的物种”的起源比现在的琵琶湖更古老，而其他物种可能是通过生态适应在现在的环境中进化而来的。另一方面，栖息在琵琶湖的许多鱼类种群，无论其起源如何，都表现出与几万年前发生的种群扩张相似的模式。在形态学、生理学、系统遗传学、群体遗传学和新的“组学”方法的基础上，有必要对琵琶湖发现的“湖泊综合征”进行广泛的群落水平分析。
Lake Biwa is the largest and oldest lake in Japan. It harbors more than a thousand animal and plant species, including 67 indigenous freshwater fish species/subspecies with 16 endemic or semi-endemic forms. Paleogeographical and paleontological studies have revealed that the location and environment of the lake have changed during its history of more than four million years. The current Lake Biwa, with its unique environments, was established 0.4 million years ago. Endemic fishes in Lake Biwa are traditionally divided into old “relict species” and new “species that evolved in the lake,” the latter being assumed to have evolved through ecological adaptations to the present lake environment. However, recent molecular phylogenetic/population genetic analyses have revealed that many of the “species that evolved in the lake” have origins that are older than the present Lake Biwa, while other species likely evolved in the present environment through ecological adaptation. On the other hand, many fish populations that inhabit Lake Biwa, irrespective of their origin, show similar patterns involving recent population expansions that occurred several tens of thousands of years ago. Extensive community level analyses of “lacustrine syndromes” that are found in Lake Biwa are necessary based on morphology, physiology, phylogenetics, population genetics, and also new “omics” approaches.