Harnessing genetic variation at regulatory regions to fine-tune traits for climate-resilient crops.
Harnessing genetic variation at regulatory regions to fine-tune traits for climate-resilient crops.
复制标题
利用监管区域的遗传变异来微调气候适应作物的性状。
DOI：
10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.011
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Ganguly DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ganguly DR
气候变化使满足不断增长的全球人口的粮食需求变得更具挑战性。粮食产量的增加依赖于持续的作物改良，以产生更高和更稳定的产量，特别是在环境越来越不可预测和可耕地越来越少的情况下。改善促进气候适应能力和资源利用的性状，例如更大的光合能力、更高的氮利用效率和优化的根和梢结构，代表了工程作物以更少的投入获得更多产量的有希望的途径（Evans和Lawson， 2020）。作物工程面临的一个关键挑战是在特定环境下优化性能。在分子水平上，遗传变异可以影响基因产物的水平、时间和活性，例如，改变基因表达、蛋白质水平或酶活性。导致功能丧失的变异通常与表型的极端变化有关。虽然这可以显著提高特定环境下的耐受性，但对于某些基因来说，这也会导致多效性后果和产量权衡（Mickelbart et al., 2015）。为了应对未来的挑战，我们应该有能力为关键农艺性状产生一系列表型，包括轻度和中度变异，以微调不同环境下的表现。最近，Mao等人（2021）发表了一项全面的研究，揭示了促进小麦耐旱性的遗传变异。干旱是小麦的主要问题，小麦是全球主要作物。作者发现了一个发生在非基因调控区域的变异，它赋予耐旱性而没有形态或发育缺陷。利用430个小麦品种，作者进行了一项全基因组关联研究，将DNA多态性与耐旱性联系起来。在那些表现出抗旱能力的材料中，他们发现TaNAC071-A （In-693）上游有一个108 bp的插入，与TaNAC071-A的表达增强相关。随后，作者利用DNA亲和纯化测序在整个小麦基因组中鉴定了TaNAC071-A转录因子的结合位点。TaNAC071-A结合位点富集于TaNAC071-A过表达上调的靶基因启动子区域。接下来，结合计算机预测、酵母单杂交文库筛选和二级分析、电泳迁移率转移试验和双荧光素酶报告基因试验，证实in -693插入含有两个顺式调控元件（cre），可招募第二个转录因子TaMYBL1来调节TaNAC071-A的表达。作者进一步证明了通过操纵TaNAC071-A的表达，通过过表达和RNA沉默，以及通过聚集规律间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-CRISPR- associi -的渗入或诱变来调节干旱敏感性的能力
Climate change is making it more challenging to meet the food demands of a growing global population. Increased food production relies on continual crop improvements to generate higher and more stable yields, especially with increasingly unpredictable environments and less arable land. The improvement of traits that promote climate resilience and resource utilization, for example, greater photosynthetic capacity, increased nitrogen use efficiency, and optimized root and shoot architecture, represents a promising avenue for engineering crops to yield more with less (Evans and Lawson, 2020). A key challenge for crop engineering is optimizing performance in specific environments. At the molecular level, genetic variation can affect the levels, timing, and activity of gene products, for example, changing gene expression, protein levels, or enzyme activity. Variation that leads to loss of function is often associated with extreme changes in phenotype. While this can dramatically increase tolerance in specific environments, for some genes this also causes pleiotropic consequences and yield trade-offs (Mickelbart et al., 2015). To address the challenges of the future, we should have the ability to generate a range of phenotypes for key agronomic traits, including mild and intermediate variation, to fine-tune performance for different circumstances.Recently, Mao et al.(2021) present a comprehensive study uncovering genetic variation that promotes drought tolerance in wheat. Drought is a major problem for wheat, a key global staple crop. The authors identified a variation occurring within a nongenic regulatory region, which confers drought tolerance without morphological or developmental defects. Using a panel of 430 wheat accessions, the authors performed a genome-wide association study to associate DNA polymorphisms with drought tolerance. In those accessions exhibiting improved drought survivability, they identified a 108 bp insertion upstream of TaNAC071-A (In-693) that correlated with enhanced expression of TaNAC071-A. Subsequently, the authors identified binding sites of the TaNAC071-A transcription factor throughout the wheat genome using DNA affinity purification sequencing. TaNAC071-A binding sites were found to be enriched in the promoter regions of target genes upregulated by TaNAC071-A overexpression. Next, the combination of in silico prediction, yeast-one-hybrid library screening with secondary assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the In-693 insertion harbored two cis-regulatory elements (CREs) recruiting a second transcription factor, TaMYBL1, to modulate TaNAC071-A expression. The authors further demonstrated the ability to modulate drought sensitivity by manipulating TaNAC071-A expression, via overexpression and RNA silencing, and by introgression or mutagenesis using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associ-