Face processing in adolescents with positive and negative threat bias.
Face processing in adolescents with positive and negative threat bias.
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DOI：
10.1017/s003329171600310x
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Barch DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sylvester CM;Petersen SE;Luby JL;Barch DM
焦虑症患者在同时出现威胁性和中性刺激时，对威胁性刺激表现出“警惕-回避”的注意模式，这种现象被称为“威胁偏见”。在青春期通过认知再训练来改变威胁偏见可以减少焦虑症状，因此阐明青春期威胁偏见的神经机制具有重要意义。我们通过测试青少年的威胁偏见是否与面孔神经处理的普遍或特定威胁差异相关来探索神经机制。受试者被分为（n=25）和（n=27）的基础上，在平均年龄12.9岁的点探测任务的威胁回避。在这个队列中的威胁回避先前已被证明是威胁偏见的指标。在一个单独的会议上，使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来评估大脑对单独呈现的愤怒和中性面孔的反应。青少年与威胁回避表现出较低的活动，愤怒和中性的面孔相对于控制在几个地区的枕叶，顶叶和颞叶参与早期的视觉和面部处理。结果概括为快乐，悲伤和恐惧的面孔。有抑郁症和/或焦虑症病史的青少年在这些相同区域的所有面部活动都较低。在独立数据集中复制的结果子集。威胁偏见与青少年面部神经处理的普遍性差异有关，而不是与威胁特异性差异有关。这些发现可能有助于开发新的治疗焦虑症的方法，即使用注意力训练来改变威胁偏见。
Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit a ‘vigilance-avoidance’ pattern of attention to threatening stimuli when threatening and neutral stimuli are presented simultaneously, a phenomenon referred to as ‘threat bias’. Modifying threat bias through cognitive retraining during adolescence reduces symptoms of anxiety, and so elucidating neural mechanisms of threat bias during adolescence is of high importance. We explored neural mechanisms by testing whether threat bias in adolescents is associated with generalized or threat-specific differences in the neural processing of faces. Subjects were categorized into those with (n=25) and without (n=27) threat avoidance based on a dot-probe task at average age 12.9 years. Threat avoidance in this cohort has previously been shown to index threat bias. Brain response to individually presented angry and neutral faces was assessed in a separate session using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Adolescents with threat avoidance exhibited lower activity for both angry and neutral faces relative to controls in several regions in the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes involved in early visual and facial processing. Results generalized to happy, sad, and fearful faces. Adolescents with a prior history of depression and/or an anxiety disorder had lower activity for all faces in these same regions. A subset of results replicated in an independent dataset. Threat bias is associated with generalized, rather than threat-specific, differences in the neural processing of faces in adolescents. Findings may aid in the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders that use attention training to modify threat bias.