Sugar Allocation to Metabolic Pathways is Tightly Regulated and Affects the Virulence of Streptococcus mutans.
Sugar Allocation to Metabolic Pathways is Tightly Regulated and Affects the Virulence of Streptococcus mutans.
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DOI：
10.3390/genes8010011
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发表时间：
2016-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Komatsuzawa H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawada-Matsuo M;Oogai Y;Komatsuzawa H
细菌吸收并代谢糖作为生存所需的碳水化合物来源。大多数细菌可以利用多种糖，包括葡萄糖、蔗糖和半乳糖，以及氨基糖，如氨基葡萄糖和n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖。糖进入细胞质后，主要分配到糖酵解途径（能量产生）和各种细菌组分生物合成途径，包括细胞壁、核酸和氨基酸。糖也被用来产生一些毒力因子，如胶囊和脂磷胆酸。谷氨酰胺-果糖-6-磷酸转氨酶（GlmS）和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶（NagB）在糖酵解途径的糖分布和细胞壁生物合成中起着至关重要的作用。在致龋齿病原体变形链球菌中，glmS和nagB的表达水平受到氨基酸糖存在或缺失的协调调节。此外，这种调控的破坏会影响变形链球菌的毒力。突变链球菌中nagB和glmS的表达受NagR调控，但glmS调控的确切机制尚不清楚。在金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌中，glmS mRNA具有核酶活性，并在mRNA水平上进行自降解。然而，突变葡萄球菌的glmS mRNA上没有核酶活性区。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了糖的分布，特别是GlmS和NagB表达的协调调节及其与S. mutans毒力的关系。
Bacteria take up and metabolize sugar as a carbohydrate source for survival. Most bacteria can utilize many sugars, including glucose, sucrose, and galactose, as well as amino sugars, such as glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. After entering the cytoplasm, the sugars are mainly allocated to the glycolysis pathway (energy production) and to various bacterial component biosynthesis pathways, including the cell wall, nucleic acids and amino acids. Sugars are also utilized to produce several virulence factors, such as capsule and lipoteichoic acid. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GlmS) and glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (NagB) have crucial roles in sugar distribution to the glycolysis pathway and to cell wall biosynthesis. In Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic pathogen, the expression levels of glmS and nagB are coordinately regulated in response to the presence or absence of amino sugars. In addition, the disruption of this regulation affects the virulence of S. mutans. The expression of nagB and glmS is regulated by NagR in S. mutans, but the precise mechanism underlying glmS regulation is not clear. In Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, the mRNA of glmS has ribozyme activity and undergoes self-degradation at the mRNA level. However, there is no ribozyme activity region on glmS mRNA in S. mutans. In this review article, we summarize the sugar distribution, particularly the coordinated regulation of GlmS and NagB expression, and its relationship with the virulence of S. mutans.