Common mechanisms for working memory and attention: the case of perseveration with visible solutions.
Common mechanisms for working memory and attention: the case of perseveration with visible solutions.
复制标题
工作记忆和注意力的常见机制：坚持可见解决方案的案例。
DOI：
10.1162/0898929053467622
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Munakata,Yuko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stedron,JenniferMerva;Sahni,SarahDevi;Munakata,Yuko
每个人都有坚持的时候，重复以前的行为，当他们不再合适。这种坚持经常发生在需要工作记忆的情况下，克服坚持的能力与大脑中对工作记忆至关重要的区域有关。因此，许多理论从工作记忆缺陷的角度来解释持久性。然而，在没有明显工作记忆需求的情况下，也会出现持续性，在这种情况下，可见的环境规定了适当的行为。这些发现似乎挑战了工作记忆对持久性的描述。为了评估这一挑战，在具有可见解决方案的任务上测试了工作记忆的神经网络模型。随着支持工作记忆机制的进步，网络越来越能够关注环境中的相关信息。这些发展导致在具有可见解决方案的任务中表现的改善，与在婴儿中观察到的发展进程平行。模拟实验证明了工作记忆机制是如何在有或没有明显记忆需求的任务中支持持久性和成功的。在这两种类型的任务中，受控处理都是通过激活与任务相关的表征来发生的，这为其他处理途径提供了自上而下的偏见。更一般地说，这些模拟展示了常见的机制如何支持工作记忆和注意力。
Everyone perseverates at one time or another, repeating previous behaviors when they are no longer appropriate. Such perseveration often occurs in situations with working memory demands, and the ability to overcome perseveration has been linked to brain regions critical for working memory. Many theories thus explain perseveration in terms of working memory deficits. However, perseveration also occurs in situations without apparent working memory demands, in which the visible environment specifies appropriate behavior. Such findings appear to challenge working memory accounts of perseveration. To evaluate this challenge, a neural network model of a working memory account of perseveration was tested on tasks with visible solutions. With advances in the mechanisms that support working memory, networks became increasingly able to attend to relevant information in the environment. These developments led to improvements in performance on tasks with visible solutions, paralleling the developmental progression observed in infants. The simulations demonstrate how mechanisms of working memory can subserve perseveration and success on tasks with and without obvious memory demands. In both types of tasks, controlled processing occurs through the activation of task-relevant representations, which provide top-down biasing of other processing pathways. More generally, the simulations demonstrate how common mechanisms can support working memory and attention.