Runtime power monitoring in high-end processors: methodology and empirical data
Runtime power monitoring in high-end processors: methodology and empirical data
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DOI：
10.1109/micro.2003.1253186
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发表时间：
2003-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Isci;M. Martonosi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Isci;M. Martonosi
随着功耗问题的日益突出，测量真实的运行系统的功耗已成为研究和设计计算机软硬件系统的关键。带电功率测量对于需要执行时间太长而无法进行仿真的研究（如热分析）来说是必不可少的。此外，随着处理器变得越来越复杂，并包括大量积极的动态电源管理技术，每个组件的功耗估计变得越来越具有挑战性，也越来越重要。在本文中，我们描述了我们的技术相结合的真实的总功率测量与性能计数器为基础的，每单位的功率估计的协调测量方法。由此产生的工具提供了英特尔奔腾4处理器的实时总功耗测量，还提供了22个主要CPU子单元在SPEC2000和台式机工作负载执行数分钟内的功耗故障。作为一个示例应用程序，我们使用生成的组件电源故障，以确定程序电源相行为。总体而言，本文展示了处理器功耗测量和估计方法，并给出了经验和实证应用结果，可以为未来的功耗感知研究提供基础。
With power dissipation becoming an increasingly vexing problem across many classes of computer systems, measuring power dissipation of real, running systems has become crucial for hardware and software system research and design. Live power measurements are imperative for studies requiring execution times too long for simulation, such as thermal analysis. Furthermore, as processors become more complex and include a host of aggressive dynamic power management techniques, per-component estimates of power dissipation have become both more challenging as well as more important. In this paper we describe our technique for a coordinated measurement approach that combines real total power measurement with performance-counter-based, per-unit power estimation. The resulting tool offers live total power measurements for Intel Pentium 4 processors, and also provides power breakdowns for 22 of the major CPU subunits over minutes of SPEC2000 and desktop workload execution. As an example application, we use the generated component power breakdowns to identify program power phase behaviour. Overall, this paper demonstrates a processor power measurement and estimation methodology and also gives experiences and empirical application results that can provide a basis for future power-aware research.