Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals.
Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals.
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.15-18716
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Pastor ÁM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blumer R;Maurer-Gesek B;Gesslbauer B;Blumer M;Pechriggl E;Davis-López de Carrizosa MA;Horn AK;May PJ;Streicher J;de la Cruz RR;Pastor ÁM
以测试栅栏末端是否为哺乳动物眼外肌(EOMS)的一般特征。分析了13个物种，其中一些是额眼的(人、猴子、猫和雪貂)，另一些是侧眼的(猪、羊、小牛、马、兔、鼠、鼠、沙鼠和豚鼠)。用不同的免疫荧光技术组合标记栅栏末端。对免疫标记的栅栏末端进行三维重建。在所有额眼物种中，栅栏末端是直肌EOMS的一致特征。它们的总数很高，并且表现出EOM特有的分布。特别是，内直肌的栅栏末梢数量明显高于其他直肌。在侧眼动物中，栅栏末端很少见，当存在时，它们的总数相当低。它们只在有蹄类动物(绵羊、牛犊、猪和马)和兔子中发现。在啮齿动物(大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠和沙鼠)中，栅栏末端很少被发现(例如，大鼠)或完全没有。前眼物种和一些侧眼物种(猪、羊、小牛和马)的栅栏末端具有统一的形态。它们通常缺乏α-银环蛇毒素染色，但灵长类动物中有少数例外。其他侧眼物种(兔和大鼠)的栅栏末端表现出简化的形态和结合的α-银环蛇毒素。栅栏末端并不是哺乳动物EOMS的普遍特征。因此，如果它们是本体感受器，并不是所有物种都需要它们。因为在额眼物种中，内侧直肌的栅栏末端数量最多，所以它们可能在会聚中扮演着特殊的角色。
To test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). Thirteen species, some frontal-eyed (human, monkey, cat, and ferret), and others lateral-eyed (pig, sheep, calf, horse, rabbit, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig) were analyzed. Palisade endings were labeled by using different combinations of immunofluorescence techniques. Three-dimensional reconstructions of immunolabeled palisade endings were done. In all frontal-eyed species, palisade endings were a consistent feature in the rectus EOMs. Their total number was high and they exhibited an EOM-specific distribution. In particular, the number of palisade endings in the medial recti was significantly higher than in the other rectus muscles. In the lateral-eyed animals, palisade endings were infrequent and, when present, their total number was rather low. They were only found in ungulates (sheep, calf, pig, and horse) and in rabbit. In rodents (rat, guinea pig, mouse, and gerbil) palisade endings were found infrequently (e.g., rat) or were completely absent. Palisade endings in frontal-eyed species and in some lateral-eyed species (pig, sheep, calf, and horse) had a uniform morphology. They generally lacked α-bungarotoxin staining, with a few exceptions in primates. Palisade endings in other lateral-eyed species (rabbit and rat) exhibited a simplified morphology and bound α-bungarotoxin. Palisade endings are not a universal feature of mammalian EOMs. So, if they are proprioceptors, not all species require them. Because in frontal-eyed species, the medial rectus muscle has the highest number of palisade endings, they likely play a special role in convergence.