Integrating events across levels of consciousness
Integrating events across levels of consciousness
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00068
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发表时间：
2013-06-14
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Duss, Simone B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henke, Katharina;Reber, Thomas P.;Duss, Simone B.
当我们整合在不同时间点所经历的事件时，我们的知识得以增长。我们可能会意识到这些事件、它们的整合以及它们对我们的知识和决策的影响，也可能不会。但是，如果两个事件是在不同的时间点以及不同的意识水平下被经历的，我们能够在心理上对它们进行整合吗？在这项研究中，一个事件由两个不相关的单词的呈现组成。在事件流中，一半的事件有一个共同的组成部分（“树 桌子”……“桌子 鱼”）以促进事件整合。我们操控了分隔两个相应事件的时间量和试验次数。一个事件的内容是阈下呈现的（不可见），而相应的重叠事件的内容是阈上呈现的（可见）。因此，事件整合需要在意识水平之间以及时间点之间对内容进行绑定。在整合的最终测试中，参与者判断两个阈上测试单词（“树 鱼”）在语义上是否匹配。参与者并不知道，一半的测试单词通过重叠（“桌子”；实验条件）在情节上相关，而另一半则不相关（控制条件）。参与者判断在情节上相关的测试单词在语义上比不相关的测试单词更接近。测试单词之间语义距离的这种主观减小既与不可见事件是按顺序首先还是其次被编码无关，也与试验次数以及分隔两个相应事件的时间无关。因此，有意识和无意识的记忆在心理上被整合为一个相互关联的记忆表征。
Our knowledge grows as we integrate events experienced at different points in time. We may or may not become aware of events, their integration, and their impact on our knowledge and decisions. But can we mentally integrate two events, if they are experienced at different time points and at different levels of consciousness? In this study, an event consisted of the presentation of two unrelated words. In the stream of events, half of events shared one component ("tree desk" ... "desk fish") to facilitate event integration. We manipulated the amount of time and trials that separated two corresponding events. The contents of one event were presented subliminally (invisible) and the contents of the corresponding overlapping event supraliminally (visible). Hence, event integration required the binding of contents between consciousness levels and between time points. At the final test of integration, participants judged whether two supraliminal test words ("tree fish") fit together semantically or not. Unbeknown to participants, half of test words were episodically related through an overlap ("desk"; experimental condition) and half were not (control condition). Participants judged episodically related test words to be closer Semantically than unrelated test words. This subjective decrease in the semantic distance between test words was both independent of whether the invisible event was encoded first or second in order and independent of the number of trials and the time that separated two corresponding events. Hence, conscious and unconscious memories were mentally integrated into a linked mnemonic representation.