Development of a Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults in Japan.
Development of a Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults in Japan.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph20043292
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发表时间：
2023-02-13
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Asai, Yatami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suzuki, Mizue;Shigeta, Masahiro;Kanamori, Takuya;Yokomichi, Marika;Uchiyama, Masayo;Inagaki, Keigo;Naito, Tomoyoshi;Ooshiro, Hajime;Asai, Yatami
目的：随着年龄的增长，老年人在生活、社会交往和独立生活方面的享受和满足感往往会下降。这些情况通常会导致日常生活自我效能感水平降低，这是导致老年人生活质量下降的因素之一。因此，帮助维持老年人日常生活自我效能感的干预措施也可能有助于维持良好的生活质量。本研究旨在编制一套老年人日常生活自我效能感量表，用于评估旨在提高自我效能感的干预措施的效果。方法：召开痴呆治疗与护理专家会议，编制日常生活自我效能感量表。在会议上，回顾了之前收集的关于老年人自我效能感的研究，并讨论了专家的经验。在评审和讨论的基础上，编制了包含35个项目的日常生活自我效能感量表草案。这项日常生活自我效能感的研究于2021年1月至2021年10月进行。根据评估数据对量表的内部一致性和概念效度进行评估。结果：109例患者的平均年龄±标准差为84.2±7.3岁。通过因子分析，提取出以下5个因素：因子1“安心”；因素2，“保持健康的日常生活和社会角色”；因素3，“照顾好自己”；因素四，“迎接挑战”；因素5，“重视享受和与他人的关系”。Cronbach’s alpha系数超过0.7，表明内部一致性足够高。协方差结构分析证实概念效度足够高。结论：本研究编制的量表具有足够的信度和效度，在痴呆治疗和护理过程中用于评估老年人日常生活自我效能感水平，有望对老年人生活质量的改善有所帮助。
Objectives: Older adults tend to experience decreased enjoyment and fulfillment in life, social interactions, and independent living, with aging. These situations often result in lower levels of daily living self-efficacy in activities, which is one of the factors resulting in a decline in the quality of life (QOL) among older individuals. For this reason, interventions that help maintain daily living self-efficacy among older adults may also help maintain a good QOL. The objective of this study was to develop a daily living self-efficacy scale for the elderly that can be used to evaluate the effects of interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy. Methods: An expert meeting involving specialists in dementia treatment and care was held, to prepare a draft for a daily living self-efficacy scale. In the meeting, previous studies on self-efficacy among older adults, which were collected in advance, were reviewed, and the experiences of the specialists were discussed. Based on the reviews and discussions, a draft of a daily living self-efficacy scale comprising 35 items was prepared. This study on daily living self-efficacy was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021. The internal consistency and concept validity of the scale were evaluated based on the assessment data. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the 109 participants was 84.2 ± 7.3 years. The following five factors were extracted based on factor analysis: Factor 1, “Having peace of mind”; Factor 2, “Maintaining healthy routines and social roles”; Factor 3, “Taking personal care of oneself”; Factor 4, “Rising to the challenge”; and Factor 5, “Valuing enjoyment and relationships with others”. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient exceeded 0.7, thereby suggesting sufficiently high internal consistency. Covariance structure analysis confirmed sufficiently high concept validity. Conclusions: The scale developed in this study was confirmed to be sufficiently reliable and valid, and when used during dementia treatment and care to assess the levels of daily living self-efficacy among older adults, it is expected to contribute to the improvement of QOL among older adults.