Detection of Na, K, and H2O in the hazy atmosphere of WASP-6b
Detection of Na, K, and H2O in the hazy atmosphere of WASP-6b
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DOI：
10.1093/mnras/staa1078
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
A. Carter;N. Nikolov;D. Sing;M. Alam;J. Goyal;T. Mikal-Evans;H. Wakeford;G. Henry;S. Morrell-S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Carter;N. Nikolov;D. Sing;M. Alam;J. Goyal;T. Mikal-Evans;H. Wakeford;G. Henry;S. Morrell-S.
我们提出了新的观测热木星WASP-6 b的透射光谱，无论是从地面上的甚大望远镜FOcal减速器和摄谱仪（FORS 2）从0.45至0.83 μm，和空间的凌日系外行星调查卫星从0.6至1.0 μm和哈勃太空望远镜（HST）宽视场相机3从1.12至1.65 μm。档案数据从HST空间望远镜成像光谱仪（STIS）和斯皮策也重新分析一个共同的高斯过程框架，其中STIS数据显示出良好的整体协议重叠FORS 2数据。我们还探讨了恒星异质性对我们的观测结果的影响及其对确定WASP-6 b的大气特征的影响。独立于我们对恒星异质性水平的假设，我们检测到Na i，K i和H2O的吸收特征，并将元素氧丰度限制为相对于太阳的[O/H] −0.9 ± 0.3。与此相反，我们发现，恒星的异质性校正可以有显着的影响，检索的[Na/H]和[K/H]丰度的分布，主要是通过其退化与倾斜的光学不透明度的散射雾种在大气中。我们的研究结果还表明，尽管存在这种烟雾，WASP-6 b仍然是未来大气特征的有利对象，即将到来的任务，如詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜。
We present new observations of the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-6b both from the ground with the Very Large Telescope FOcal Reducer and Spectrograph (FORS2) from 0.45 to 0.83 μm, and space with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite from 0.6 to 1.0 μm and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 from 1.12 to 1.65 μm. Archival data from the HST Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Spitzer are also re-analysed on a common Gaussian process framework, of which the STIS data show a good overall agreement with the overlapping FORS2 data. We also explore the effects of stellar heterogeneity on our observations and its resulting implications towards determining the atmospheric characteristics of WASP-6b. Independent of our assumptions for the level of stellar heterogeneity we detect Na i, K i, and H2O absorption features and constrain the elemental oxygen abundance to a value of [O/H] ≃ −0.9 ± 0.3 relative to solar. In contrast, we find that the stellar heterogeneity correction can have significant effects on the retrieved distributions of the [Na/H] and [K/H] abundances, primarily through its degeneracy with the sloping optical opacity of scattering haze species within the atmosphere. Our results also show that despite this presence of haze, WASP-6b remains a favourable object for future atmospheric characterization with upcoming missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope.