Emerging Connections between Nuclear Pore Complex Homeostasis and ALS.

Emerging Connections between Nuclear Pore Complex Homeostasis and ALS.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms23031329
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发表时间:
2022-01-25
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Lusk CP
Lusk CP
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chandra S;Lusk CP

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开发有效的神经退行性疾病治疗方法,如肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS),需要了解导致运动神经元丧失的潜在病理机制。由于它导致家族性ALS病例的最大比例,相当多的努力集中在C9ORF72基因的六核苷酸重复扩增上,该基因编码毒性重复RNA和二肽重复(DPR)蛋白。重复RNA和dpr都与核转运机制的多个元件相互作用并干扰它们,包括穿梭核转运受体、Ran GTPase和构建核孔复合物(NPC)的核孔蛋白(nup)。在这里,我们考虑了最近的工作,描述了C9ORF72模型和患者神经元中NPC分子组成的变化,这些变化是在核包膜(NE)上起作用的质量控制机制的背景下进行的。例如,NPC结构的改变可能是由运输蛋白CHMP7所需的内体分选复合物介导的保守的NE监视途径的失调引起的。因此,这些研究将NE和NPC质量控制通路作为导致C9ORF72 ALS的病理级联的关键因素,为靶向治疗干预开辟了全新的实验途径和可能性。
Developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) requires understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to the motor neuron loss that defines the disease. As it causes the largest fraction of familial ALS cases, considerable effort has focused on hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene, which encode toxic repeat RNA and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. Both the repeat RNA and DPRs interact with and perturb multiple elements of the nuclear transport machinery, including shuttling nuclear transport receptors, the Ran GTPase and the nucleoporin proteins (nups) that build the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Here, we consider recent work that describes changes to the molecular composition of the NPC in C9ORF72 model and patient neurons in the context of quality control mechanisms that function at the nuclear envelope (NE). For example, changes to NPC structure may be caused by the dysregulation of a conserved NE surveillance pathway mediated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for the transport protein, CHMP7. Thus, these studies are introducing NE and NPC quality control pathways as key elements in a pathological cascade that leads to C9ORF72 ALS, opening entirely new experimental avenues and possibilities for targeted therapeutic intervention.
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