A Social Psychologist's Guide to the Development of Racial Attitudes
A Social Psychologist's Guide to the Development of Racial Attitudes
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DOI：
10.1111/spc3.12038
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Olson, Kristina R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hailey, Sarah E.;Olson, Kristina R.
在过去的几十年里，社会心理学家创造了大量关于种族间态度和成年人偏见的文献。与此同时，发展心理学家也记录了这些态度在儿童身上的出现和发展，但令人惊讶的是，这两个领域之间几乎没有相互影响。在此，我们回顾了关于种族间态度的发展文献，并着眼于在社会心理学文献中经常观察到的两个主要主题：倾向于自己的群体和倾向于更高地位的群体。我们回顾了从婴儿期开始的实证研究结果，揭示了种族分化的最早迹象出现在生命的第一年，并持续到小学，注意到外显态度经历了巨大的发展变化，而内隐态度在整个生命周期中保持显著稳定。我们还研究了发展文献可能为种族间态度的社会心理学提供信息的潜在途径。
Over the last several decades, social psychologists have generated a literature rich with information about the racial intergroup attitudes and biases of adults. In parallel, developmental psychologists have documented the emergence and development of these attitudes in children, yet surprisingly little cross-talk occurs between the two fields. Here, we review the developmental literature on racial intergroup attitudes with an eye toward two major themes observed frequently in the social psychology literature: the tendency to favor one's own group and the tendency to favor higher-status groups. We review empirical findings beginning in infancy, revealing that the earliest signs of racial differentiation are present in the first year of life and continue through the elementary school years, noting that explicit attitudes undergo vast developmental changes whereas implicit attitudes remain remarkably stable throughout the lifespan. We also examine potential ways the developmental literature might inform the social psychology of racial intergroup attitudes.