A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.
A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span.
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整个生命周期中精神病学的分层因果分类学。
DOI：
10.1037/bul0000069
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Zald DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lahey BB;Krueger RF;Rathouz PJ;Waldman ID;Zald DH
我们提出了一个分类的精神病理学的基础上共享的因果关系的影响模式中确定的多变量行为遗传学研究，区分遗传和环境的影响，无论是共同的精神病理学的多个维度或独特的每个维度的审查。在表型水平上，一阶维度由症状之间的相关性定义;一阶维度之间的相关性类似地定义了更高阶的域（例如，内化或外化精神病理学）。我们假设，一阶维度之间的强表型相关性反映了一个层次的日益具体的病因影响。一些非特异性病因因素通过精神病理学的一般因素在不同程度上增加精神病理学所有一级维度的风险。其他非特异性病因因素仅在更特异的高阶领域内增加所有一阶维度的风险。此外，每个一阶维度都有其独特的因果影响。家庭成员共同的遗传和环境影响往往是非特异性的，而每个人独特的环境影响则更具维度特异性。我们假设这些对精神病理学的因果影响受到性别和发育过程的调节。这种因果分类也为理解每个一阶维度的异质性提供了一个新的框架：表现出相似症状的不同人可能受到来自病因学层次结构三个层次中每一个层次的病因学影响的不同组合的影响。此外，我们提出的因果分类跨维度的心理生物学过程，这也影响了每个精神病理学维度的异质性。这种因果分类法意味着需要改变研究精神病理学的病因学、心理生物学、预防和治疗的策略。
We propose a taxonomy of psychopathology based on patterns of shared causal influences identified in a review of multivariate behavior genetic studies that distinguish genetic and environmental influences that are either common to multiple dimensions of psychopathology or unique to each dimension. At the phenotypic level, first-order dimensions are defined by correlations among symptoms; correlations among first-order dimensions similarly define higher-order domains (e.g., internalizing or externalizing psychopathology). We hypothesize that the robust phenotypic correlations among first-order dimensions reflect a hierarchy of increasingly specific etiologic influences. Some nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk for all first-order dimensions of psychopathology to varying degrees through a general factor of psychopathology. Other nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk only for all first-order dimensions within a more specific higher-order domain. Furthermore, each first-order dimension has its own unique causal influences. Genetic and environmental influences common to family members tend to be nonspecific, whereas environmental influences unique to each individual are more dimension-specific. We posit that these causal influences on psychopathology are moderated by sex and developmental processes. This causal taxonomy also provides a novel framework for understanding the heterogeneity of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the three levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology.