SEXUAL SELECTION IN A BRENTID WEEVIL
SEXUAL SELECTION IN A BRENTID WEEVIL
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布伦特象鼻虫的性选择
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. K. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. K. Johnson
在大多数昆虫中，两性之间的差异不仅涉及配子产生、交配和产卵所必需的主要特征，而且涉及获得配偶的性结构和行为。这些次要特征中最引人注目的，如夸张的大小、武器或颜色，往往发生在雄性身上，并被认为是性选择的全部或部分结果，反映了雄性对雌性的竞争和雌性的选择（达尔文，1871;费舍尔，1930;迈尔，1972）。果蝇科（Drosophilidae）的交配选择实验研究（Bateman，1948; Petit and Ehrman，1969; Spiess and Spiess，1969; Ehrman，1972）提供了昆虫性选择潜力的有案可查的例子，其中证明了一些雄性个体比其他个体更经常被选择。然而，在大多数情况下，女性选择所依据的变化的确切性质（例如，"男性活力"）一直难以描述（亚历山大，1975年;桑希尔，1979年）。雄性与雄性之间争夺雌性的竞争也被描述过，物种特异性竞争技术也被比较过（理查兹，1927;摩尔，1952;约翰逊，1962;帕克，1970，1974;齐格勒，1972;坎帕内拉和沃尔夫，1974;埃伯哈德，1979;汉密尔顿，1979;麦卡尔平，1979;瓦格，1979）。然而，很少有人尝试评估个体变异对昆虫，特别是自然种群的不同繁殖成功率的影响（Thornhill，1976 a，1976 b，1976 c，1979; Scheiring，1977; McCauley和Wade，1978; McCauley，1979; Mason，1964，1980）。我在这里报告的研究结果的影响，身体大小的择偶偏好和成功的性内竞争，在自然聚集的新热带brentus anchoragoL。（鞘翅目，拟步甲总科，步甲科）。Brentids是研究性选择和个体变异的良好候选者，因为该科的大多数物种表现出明显的性二型性（Muizon，1960;海多Rossi，1961; Damoiseau，1967，1971）。雄性通常拥有更大的体长，更粗壮的喙，更有力的下颚，其中一个下颚可能会明显增大（达尔文，1871）。在每种性别中，体型的表型差异令人印象深刻，尤其是在雄性中，它们为了接近雌性而用鼻子和下颌骨相互争斗（Wallace，1869; Meads，1976）。最易变大小的brentid可能是B。安查戈：夏普（1895年）在研究了大量的该物种后评论说："长度的变化是巨大的，也许不能与鞘翅目的任何其他物种相比，小的雄性只有10 - 11毫米长，而相同性别的大的例子达到52毫米。“这种大小的变化在单个聚集体中很常见，并且在雄性交配成功、雌性选择和整个聚集体的交配模式中都很重要。
In most insects, differences between the sexes involve not only primary characters necessary for gamete production, copulation, and oviposition, but also sexual structures and behaviors involved in the acquisition of mates. The most striking of these secondary characters, such as exaggerated size, weaponry, or coloration, tend to occur in males, and have been claimed to be the full or partial result of sexual selection, reflecting competition among males for females, and female choice (Darwin, 1871; Fisher, 1930; Mayr, 1972). Documented examples of the potential for sexual selection in insects are provided by the experimental studies of mate selection in the Drosophilidae (Bateman, 1948; Petit and Ehrman, 1969; Spiess and Spiess, 1969; Ehrman, 1972), in which it is demonstrated that some male individuals are more often chosen than others. However, in most cases the precise nature of the variation upon which female choice operates (e.g., "male vigor") has been difficult to characterize (Alexander, 1975; Thornhill, 1979). Male-male competition for females has also been described, and species-specific competitive techniques compared (Richards, 1927; Moore, 1952; Johnson, 1962; Parker, 1970, 1974; Ziegler, 1972; Campanella and Wolf, 1974; Eberhard, 1979; Hamilton, 1979; McAlpine, 1979; Waage, 1979). However, there have been relatively few attempts to assess the consequences of individual variation for differential reproductive success in insects, especially in natural populations (Thornhill, 1976a, 1976b, 1976c, 1979; Scheiring, 1977; McCauley and Wade, 1978; McCauley, 1979; Mason, 1964, 1980). I report here the results of a study of the influence of body size on mate preference and on success in intrasexual competition, in a natural aggregation of the neotropical brentid weevil, Brentus anchorago L. (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Brentidae). Brentids make good candidates for studies of sexual selection and individual variation because most species of the family exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism (Muizon, 1960; Haedo Rossi, 1961; Damoiseau, 1967, 1971). The males generally possess greater body length, a stouter rostrum, and more powerful mandibles, one of which may be grossly enlarged (Darwin, 1871). Within each sex there is impressive phenotypic variation in body size, especially in males, which fight one another with snout and mandible for access to females (Wallace, 1869; Meads, 1976). The most size-variable brentid may be B. anchorago: after examining a large series of this species, Sharp (1895) commented that "the variation in length is enormous, and perhaps not equalled in the case of any other species of Coleoptera, small males being only 10-1I mm long, while large examples of the same sex attain 52 mm." Such variation in size is common within a single aggregation, and is important in male mating success, in female choice, and in patterns of mating in the aggregation as a whole.