Drivers Fail to Calibrate to Optic Flow Speed Changes During Automated Driving
Drivers Fail to Calibrate to Optic Flow Speed Changes During Automated Driving
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DOI：
10.17077/drivingassessment.1683
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发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Mole;G. Markkula;Oscar T. Giles;Yuki Okafuji;R. Romano;N. Merat;R. Wilkie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Mole;G. Markkula;Oscar T. Giles;Yuki Okafuji;R. Romano;N. Merat;R. Wilkie
总结：人类感知运动系统在手动驾驶期间保持良好校准，支持成功转向，尽管条件变化，例如车辆速度的变化。自动驾驶车辆可能会中断感知运动校准，因此当驾驶员接管控制时，他们将无法为驾驶条件做好准备。光流是用于校准手动转向期间的速度变化的视觉信息的强大来源，但目前尚不清楚当人类不主动控制车辆时（即，仅依靠视觉），人类是否对光流速度的变化敏感。在这里，我们使用驾驶模拟器来检查在主动（手动转向）和被动（自动转向）控制模式下的光流速度变化的敏感性。视流速度的改变与车速无关。感知速度和实际速度之间的不匹配导致良好校准的电机系统可靠地偏置。要求驾驶员在短时间（约10秒）自动化后接管手动转向控制。结果表明，当仅在自动化阶段操纵流速时，手动转向没有偏差。一种解释是，驾驶员在重新校准自动驾驶过程中发生的光流变化时遇到了困难。如果是这样的话，这表明在自动驾驶汽车控制后的接管早期阶段，将存在一段感知运动系统被错误校准的时期。
Summary: The human perceptual-motor system remains well-calibrated during manual driving supporting successful steering despite changing conditions, such as alterations in vehicle speed. Automated vehicles may interrupt perceptual-motor calibration so that when a driver takes-over control they will not be prepared for the driving conditions. Optic flow is a powerful source of visual information for calibrating to speed changes during manual steering, but it is currently unclear whether humans are sensitive to changes in optic flow speed when they are not in active control of the vehicle (i.e. by relying upon vision alone). Here we used a driving simulator to examine sensitivity to changes in optic flow speed across active (manual steering) and passive (automated steering) modes of control. Optic flow speed was altered independent of vehicle speed. The mismatch between perceived speed and actual speed causes a well-calibrated motor system to be reliably biased. Drivers were asked to take-over manual steering control after a short (~10 s) period of automation. Results showed that manual steering was not biased when flow speed was manipulated only in the automated period. One interpretation is that drivers had trouble recalibrating to optic flow changes that occurred during automated driving. If so, this suggests that there will exist a period where the perceptual-motor system is miscalibrated in the early stages of take-over after automated vehicle control.