Mountaineering Tourism
Mountaineering Tourism
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登山旅游
DOI：
10.1659/mrd.mm186
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
P. Maher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Maher
与大多数旅游领域一样，山地和登山旅游领域存在一些早期的研究工作，然后是长期的中断，然后是学术的复兴。重要的早期作品包括 Godde 等人 (2000) 或 Beedie 和 Hudson (2003) 的作品，这两部作品现在已有 10-15 年的历史。近年来，对山区的宣传和对山区旅游以外的研究普遍增长。这些发展包括 2002 年国际山地年，当时出现了一些早期的旅游研究项目，以及与山地相关的会议的增长，例如苏格兰的珀斯 I、II 和 III (www.perth.uhi.ac.uk/mountainstudies)、加拿大的 Thinking Mountains (http://www.mountain.ualberta.ca) 以及即将召开的新西兰可持续峰会 (http://sustainable-summits.com)。这些活动得到了许多中心和机构的支持。将山区研究呈现在全球观众面前还将很快包括大规模开放在线课程（MOOC）（https://uofa.ualberta.ca/courses/ mountains-101）。这就是登山旅游应运而生的背景。 Musa、Higham 和 ThompsonCarr 是公认的旅游学者，他们组建了一个由 30 名作者组成的团队来全面报道该主题。该文本由 17 章和 9 个案例研究组成，围绕 Weed 和 Bull (2004) 的理论结构进行编辑。因此，编辑们将登山旅游描述为活动、人和地点之间的相互作用。这种三部分的分割塑造了文本的其余部分，每个标题下都有一些完整的章节和额外的案例研究。书中使用的术语“登山旅游”（人们可能将其视为一种活动）与“山地旅游”（可能更关注作为目的地的标题）之间的相互作用，与最近另一本书的标题（Richins 和 Hull 2016）进一步混淆。即使在各个章节中，一些作者提到了山地休闲或山地徒步旅行，而另一些作者则只讨论了高海拔登山，这进一步混淆了景观的语言。第一部分重点关注“活动”（第 2-6 章和案例研究 1-3）。第 2 章和第 3 章从地理和历史角度介绍了场景。虽然这两本书都很有趣，但都没有提供全面的概述：第二章描述了山地徒步（与登山），虽然第三章确实提供了简短的全球历史，但这显然是通过英欧视角进行的。在这些章节之后，编辑提供了 2 个案例研究。同样，虽然读起来很有趣，但它们似乎不合适。案例研究 1 展示了新西兰的山地休闲活动，虽然它有历史重点，但似乎已经过时，并且没有包含 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来的任何参考资料。案例研究2分享了山地旅游的地理多样性以及台湾的经验。第 4 至 6 章探讨了荒野和登山体验、导游登山以及高山俱乐部场所的概念。每个都从特定的国家背景（新西兰或加拿大）开始，然后尝试从那里扩展。第六章读起来很有趣，也许是因为它讲述了如何利用已发表的文字来发展高山俱乐部文化。案例研究 3 揭示了在新西兰南阿尔卑斯山从事导游业务的企业主的叙述。第二部分将重点转移到“人”（第 7-11 章以及案例研究 4 和 5）。第七章揭示了攀登所需的巨大承诺。它源自对新西兰登山者自我叙事建构的更广泛研究。第8章讨论了登山叙事和登山媒体的典型性别景观，为性别在文化、指导、登山者发展等讨论中的适合位置提供了极好的亮点。本章最令人耳目一新的方面是其简单的诚实——要求读者欣赏挑战而不是回避挑战。在第九章中，我们看到了一篇关于登山动机和满意度的有趣的历史和理论论文，随后是关于登山心流体验的案例研究。这两篇文章都没有提供太多的经验基础，作为一名读者，我希望能进行更直接的检查；专注于特定动机问题的研究，例如登山者为什么要尝试七大峰会？或者基于满意度的问题，例如：完成所有 Munros（苏格兰海拔 3000 英尺以上的山脉）为未来的愿望提供了什么？第 10 章提供了额外的理论视角，涉及作者自己在玻利维亚的经历，而第 11 章则介绍了秘鲁的故事和人物。通过案例研究 5 分享婆罗洲登山者的负责任行为，第 2 部分的结尾提供了更广泛的全球覆盖范围；然而，这一切似乎都是拼凑在一起的。有很大一部分理论与不同的实践例子相关。总体而言，由于章节和案例研究的介绍或结论不连贯，因此缺乏流畅性。第三部分是关于“地点”（第 12-16 章和案例研究 6-9），从我一直期待的章节类型开始。第 12 章 山地研究与发展 (MRD) 由国际山地协会 (IMS) 出版的国际同行评审开放获取期刊 www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia
As with most niche areas of tourism, within mountain and mountaineering tourism there exist a few early research works, then a long hiatus, and then a resurgence of scholarship. Key early works would include the ones by Godde et al (2000) or Beedie and Hudson (2003), both of which are now 10–15 years old. In the intervening years, there has been a general growth in publicity for mountain regions and the study of mountains beyond tourism. These developments have included the International Year of Mountains 2002, when some of the early tourism research projects arose, and the growth in mountain-related conferences, such as Perth I, II, and III in Scotland (www.perth.uhi.ac.uk/ mountainstudies), Thinking Mountains in Canada (http://www. mountains.ualberta.ca), and the upcoming Sustainable Summits in New Zealand (http:// sustainable-summits.com). These events are supported by a number of centers and institutes. Placing mountain studies in front of a global audience will also soon include a massive open online course (MOOC) (https://uofa.ualberta.ca/courses/ mountains-101). This is the context in which Mountaineering Tourism has come to exist. Musa, Higham, and ThompsonCarr are well-recognized tourism scholars, and they have assembled a team of 30 additional authors to provide comprehensive coverage of the topic. The text is a compilation of 17 chapters and 9 case studies, edited around a structure as theorized by Weed and Bull (2004). Thus, the editors present mountaineering tourism as an interplay among activity, people, and place. This tripartite segmentation shapes the rest of the text, and a number of full chapters and additional case studies are presented under each heading. The interplay, where the book uses the terminology ‘‘mountaineering tourism,’’ which one might see as just an activity, versus ‘‘mountain tourism’’—a title that might focus more on place as a destination—is further confused by the title of another recent book (Richins and Hull 2016). Even within the various chapters, some authors refer to mountain recreation or mountain trekking, while others discuss only high-altitude mountaineering, further confusing the language of the landscape. Part I focuses on ‘‘Activity’’ (chapters 2–6 and case studies 1–3). Chapters 2 and 3 set the scene in terms of geography and history. While both are interesting reads, neither provides a comprehensive overview: Chapter 2 provides a descriptive treatment of mountain trekking (versus mountaineering), and, although chapter 3 does provide a brief global history, this is through a decidedly Anglo-European lens. Following these chapters, the editors provide 2 case studies. Again, while interesting to read, they seem out of place. Case study 1 showcases mountain recreation in New Zealand, and, although it has a historical focus, it seems dated and includes no references since the mid-1990s. Case study 2 shares the geographical diversity of mountain tourism with experiences from Taiwan. Chapters 4–6 explore the concepts of wilderness and mountaineering experience, guided mountaineering, and the place of alpine clubs. Each starts with a specific national context (New Zealand or Canada) and then attempts to branch out from there. Chapter 6 is an enjoyable read, perhaps because it follows how alpine club culture is developed using the published word. Case study 3 reveals the narrative of business owners engaged with guiding in New Zealand’s Southern Alps. Part II shifts the focus to ‘‘People’’ (chapters 7–11 and case studies 4 and 5). Chapter 7 reveals the tremendous level of commitment necessary to climb. It draws from a broader study of narrative construction of self among a population of New Zealand mountaineers. Chapter 8 discusses the typical gendered landscape of mountaineering narratives and mountaineering media, providing an excellent highlight of where gender fits in the discussion of culture, guiding, mountaineer development, and such. The most refreshing aspect of this chapter is its simple honesty— asking the reader to appreciate the challenges versus shying away from them. In chapter 9, we are treated to an interesting historical and theoretical treatise on mountaineering motivations and satisfaction, followed by a case study on mountaineering flow experience. Neither of these pieces offers much empirical grounding, and, as a reader, I would have appreciated more direct examination; research that focused on specific motivational questions, such as why do mountaineers attempt the Seven Summits? or satisfactionbased questions, such as: what has completing all the Munros (Scottish mountains above 3000 feet) provided to future aspirations? Chapter 10 provides additional theoretical perspective, touching on the author’s own experience in Bolivia, while chapter 11 is populated by stories and personalities in Peru. With case study 5 sharing responsible behavior of climbers in Borneo, the end of Part 2 offers greater global coverage; however, it all seems thrown together. There are large portions of theory connected with varying examples of practice. Overall, there is a lack of flow because the chapters and case studies are not coherently introduced or concluded. Part III is about ‘‘Place’’ (chapters 12–16 and case studies 6–9) and begins with the type of chapter I was expecting throughout. Chapter 12 Mountain Research and Development (MRD) An international, peer-reviewed open access journal published by the International Mountain Society (IMS) www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia