Memory function in normal aging
Memory function in normal aging
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0404.107.s179.5.x
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Nilsson, LG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nilsson, LG
在正常老化的记忆功能获得的基本调查结果，并讨论相对于五个独立的，但相互作用的记忆系统。这些系统是：情景记忆，语义记忆，短时记忆，知觉表征系统和程序记忆。所有来自横断面研究的证据表明，情景记忆的记忆表现随着年龄的增长呈线性下降。然而，纵向研究表明，这一年龄差距可能是高估了，表现出相对稳定的水平，直到中年，然后急剧下降。对语义记忆、短时记忆、知觉表征系统和程序记忆的研究表明，成年人的表现水平相对稳定，尽管一些用于评估短时记忆和程序记忆的任务显示出年龄缺陷。忽略后两个记忆系统的混合结果，可以得出结论，情景记忆是唯一显示年龄缺陷的。情节记忆也是独特的，因为它是唯一的记忆系统，在整个成年生活中表现出性别差异，女性的表现明显更高。
Basic findings obtained on memory functions in normal aging are presented and discussed with respect to five separate but interacting memory systems. These systems are: episodic memory, semantic memory, short-term memory, perceptual representation system and procedural memory. All available evidence from cross-sectional research shows that there is a linear, decreasing memory performance as a function of age for episodic memory. Longitudinal studies suggest, however, that this age deficit may be an overestimation, by showing a relatively stable performance level up to middle age, followed by a sharp decline. Studies on semantic memory, short-term memory, perceptual representation system, and procedural memory show a relatively constant performance level across the adult life span, although some tasks used to assess short-term memory and procedural memory have revealed an age deficit. Disregarding the mixed results for these latter two memory systems, it can be concluded that episodic memory is unique in showing an age deficit. Episodic memory is also unique in the sense that it is the only memory system showing gender differences in performance throughout the adult life span with a significantly higher performance for women.