The Global Web of National Water Security
The Global Web of National Water Security
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00097.x
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发表时间：
2011-10
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
M. Zeitoun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Zeitoun
本文探讨了各国和国际水政策界实现水安全的努力往往达不到其目标的原因，并提出了一个概念性工具作为部分补救措施。目前的水安全政策和思想的主要缺陷是基于水资源的生物物理和社会过程及其使用分离的狭隘和决定论分析。例如，过分的信心被放在物质稀缺性的门槛上，而分配问题被忽视了。人们还发现，水资源被孤立对待，似乎与个人、社区和国家的食物、气候或能源安全无关。这里介绍的水安全“网络”强调对社会和生物物理过程的综合解读，这些过程使国家水安全得以实现或阻止。这些进程受到充斥着权力不对称的社会经济和政治背景的调节，因此，一些国家的水安全取决于另一些国家的水不安全。有人建议，从长远来看，可持续的国家水安全将以相关安全领域之间的平衡和有关行为者之间公平分配资源的原则为指导。
This article explores the reasons efforts to attain water security by states and the international water policy community often fall short of their goals, and suggests a conceptual tool as partial remedy. The main shortcomings of prevailing water security policy and thinking are found to stem from narrow and determinist analysis that is based on a separation of biophysical and social processes of water resources and their use. Undue confidence is placed in physical scarcity thresholds, for example, while distributive issues are ignored. Water resources are also found to be treated in isolation, as if independent of the food, climate or energy security of individuals, communities and states. The ‘web’ of water security introduced here emphasises combined readings of the social and biophysical processes that enable or prevent national water security. These processes are mediated by a socioeconomic and political context replete with power asymmetries, such that water security for some rests on the water insecurity of others. Sustainable national water security in the long term, it is suggested, will be guided by principles of balance between related security areas, and equitability of distribution of resources between the actors involved.