Aspergillosis of the gorgonian sea fan Annella sp. after the 2004 tsunami at Mu Ko Similan National Park, Andaman Sea, Thailand
Aspergillosis of the gorgonian sea fan Annella sp. after the 2004 tsunami at Mu Ko Similan National Park, Andaman Sea, Thailand
复制标题
柳珊瑚海扇 Annella sp 的曲霉菌病。
DOI：
10.1007/s00338-006-0104-y
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
S. Plathong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Phongpaichit;S. Preedanan;N. Rungjindama;J. Sakayaroj;C. Benzies;J. Chuaypat;S. Plathong
2004年海啸发生后，在木可斯米兰国家公园发现250只坠落的海扇虫，并将其重新附着在基板上，出现未知的动物传染病高发。2005年10月，当56%的海扇被感染或已经死亡时，收集了柳橙Annella sp.的组织样本进行微生物分析。感染的特征是白质在轴向骨骼上扩散，导致组织解体。曲霉属和另外七个真菌属被发现存在。对Aspergillus sp. ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2序列的初步研究表明，该序列与花色曲霉（Aspergillus versicolor）亲缘关系最高，而与sydowii曲霉（Aspergillus sydowii）亲缘关系较低。A. sydowii导致加勒比海海扇死亡（fabicius and Alderslade 2001; Nagelkerken et al. 1997）。在这项研究中，许多受感染的海扇死于这种疾病，但一些菌落恢复并产生了新的组织生长。曲霉属是一种陆生土壤真菌，孢子有可能从陆地径流进入海洋。为什么它会感染并杀死海扇尚不清楚。海啸过后，径流量非常大。海扇组织的解剖结构，具有通过中胶层连接息肉的广泛的螺线管网络（fabicius and Alderslade 2001），可能有助于感染的传播。受胁迫的柳橙也可能失去它们的防污保护，使它们更容易受到感染（fabicius和Alderslade 2001）。污染和海水温度上升削弱了海扇的免疫系统，这是一种假说，可以用来解释曲霉病的流行率上升。这是首次证明曲霉病是东南亚柳珊瑚海扇的主要病原体（图1）。
Following the 2004 tsunami, a high incidence of an unknown epizootic infection was noted in 250 fallen sea fans which were recovered and reattached to substrate at Mu Ko Similan National Park. Tissue samples from the gorgonian Annella sp. were collected for microbial analysis in October 2005 when 56% of the sea fans were infected or already dead. The infection was characterised by white matter spreading over the axial skeleton leading to tissue disintegration. Aspergillus sp. and a further seven fungal genera were found to be present. A preliminary study of the Aspergillus sp. ITS1–5.8 S–ITS2 sequence showed highest relatedness to Aspergillus versicolor but lower relatedness to Aspergillus sydowii. A. sydowii causes sea fan mortality in the Caribbean (Fabricius and Alderslade 2001; Nagelkerken et al. 1997). Many infected sea fans in this study succumbed to the disease, but some colonies recovered and produced fresh tissue growth. Aspergillus sp. is a terrestrial soil fungus and it is possible that spores enter the sea from land runoff. Why it infects and kills sea fans is unknown. After the tsunami, water runoff was very high. The anatomy of the sea fan tissue, with an extensive network of solenia connecting polyps through the mesoglea (Fabricius and Alderslade 2001), may aid the spread of infection. Stressed gorgonians may also lose their anti-fouling protection, making them more susceptible to infection (Fabricius and Alderslade 2001). Weakening of the sea fan immune system by pollution and rising sea temperatures is one hypothesis which has been advanced to explain the increased prevalence of Aspergillosis. This is the first time Aspergillosis has been shown to be a major pathogen of gorgonian sea fans in Southeast Asia (Fig. 1).