Neethling vaccine proved highly effective in controlling lumpy skin disease epidemics in the Balkans
Neethling vaccine proved highly effective in controlling lumpy skin disease epidemics in the Balkans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.12.001
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Abrahantes, Jose Cortinas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klement, Eyal;Broglia, Alessandro;Abrahantes, Jose Cortinas
尽管广泛使用了减毒Neethling lupus皮肤病（LSD）活疫苗，但在2016-2017年巴尔干地区发生大规模LSD流行之前，其有效性和有效性的数据有限。此外，在适当控制疫苗接种效果和病毒暴露的潜在差异的情况下，几乎没有进行疾病风险因素的分析。分析了2016年受影响的六个巴尔干半岛的国家（保加利亚、希腊、塞尔维亚、黑山、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国（FYROM）和阿尔巴尼亚）的LSD流行数据，以确定疫苗有效性（VE）和农场层面LSD感染的风险因素。沿着流行病的发生进行了疫苗接种，因此在流行病期间，一些农场的疫苗接种状态发生了变化。为此，在混合效应考克斯比例风险回归模型中使用左截尾和右删失生存分析来计算VE和LSD的风险因素。结果表明，6个国家的平均VE为79.8%（95% CI：73.2-84.7），阿尔巴尼亚记录的VE最低为62.5%，保加利亚和塞尔维亚记录的VE高达97%以上。从接种疫苗到产生保护性免疫的时间分析表明，VE主要在接种后的前14天内产生。来自希腊的数据显示，放牧农场中LSD的疫苗接种调整风险比非放牧农场高5.7。然而，由于放牧和非放牧农场的地理位置不同，以及非放牧农场的疫苗接种率较高，这种影响至少部分归因于周围接种疫苗的农场提供的群体免疫力产生的间接保护。
Despite the wide use of the live attenuated Neethling lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccine, only limited data existed on its efficacy and effectiveness prior to the large LSD epidemic in the Balkans, which took place during 2016-2017. In addition, analysis of risk factors for the disease was hardly performed with proper control for vaccination effects and potential differences in exposure to the virus. Data from the LSD epidemics in six Balkan countries (Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Albania) affected during 2016 were analyzed to determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) and risk factors for LSD infection at the farm level. Vaccination was performed along the occurrence of the epidemics and thus vaccination status of some of the farms changed during the epidemic. To allow for this, left truncated and right censored survival analysis was used in a mixed effects Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate VE and risk factors for LSD. The results indicated of an average VE of 79.8% (95% CI: 73.2-84.7)) in the six countries, with the lowest VE of 62.5% documented in Albania and up to VE of more than 97% as documented in Bulgaria and Serbia. Analysis of time from vaccination to development of protective immunity showed that VE mostly developed during the first 14 days after vaccination. Data from Greece showed that the vaccination adjusted hazard ratio for LSD was 5.7 higher in grazing farms compared to non-grazing farms. However, due to a difference in geographical location of grazing and non-grazing farms and higher vaccination rate in non-grazing farms, this effect can be at least partly attributed to indirect protection due to herd immunity provided by surrounding vaccinated farms.