Sources of food group intakes among the US population, 2001-2002
Sources of food group intakes among the US population, 2001-2002
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2008.02.026
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Krebs-Smith, Susan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bachman, Jessica L.;Reedy, Jill;Krebs-Smith, Susan M.
背景食物指南通常是围绕一套食物分组系统建立的。因此，美国农业部的《我的金字塔》在其指南中包括食物组和亚组，以及可自由支配卡路里的津贴。目的确定美国人口中食物组摄入量的主要膳食贡献者。方法这项横断面研究使用2001-2002年全国健康和营养检查调查数据来确定每个亚组对其金字塔食物组的贡献的加权人口比例(即，比例)，以及特定食物对亚组油、固体脂肪和添加糖的贡献(即，主要贡献者)。与每种食物相关的食物代码被分类为96类，称为特定食物，并链接到My金字塔当量数据库以获得食物组当量。结果就比例而言，深绿色蔬菜(6%)、橙色蔬菜(5%)和豆类(6%)远远低于推荐水平。全谷物的摄入量(占总摄入量的10%)远远低于建议的至少一半是全谷物的建议。就主要贡献者而言，油的主要来源是薯片、沙拉酱和坚果/种子；固体脂肪的主要贡献者是以谷物为基础的甜点、奶酪和香肠。加糖碳酸饮料提供了37%的添加糖。结论美国人一般不会食用营养密度最高的基本食物类别，而是食用高固体脂肪和添加糖的食物。主要的罪魁祸首是含糖碳酸饮料和其他含糖饮料、以谷物为基础的甜点、非脱脂乳制品和肥肉。
Background Food guides are typically built around a system of food groups. Accordingly, the US Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid includes both food groups and subgroups, as well as an allowance for discretionary calories, in its guidance.Objective To identify the major dietary contributors to food group intake in the US population.Methods This cross-sectional study used 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to determine weighted population proportions for the contribution of each subgroup to its MyPyramid food group (ie, proportion), and the contribution of specific foods to the subgroups oils, solid fats, and added sugars (ie, major contributors). Food codes associated with each food were sorted into 96 categories, termed specific foods, and were linked to the MyPyramid Equivalents Database to obtain food group equivalents.Results In regard to proportion, dark green vegetables (6%), orange vegetables (5%), and legumes (6%) fell well short of recommended levels. Intake of whole grains (10% of total) was far below the recommendation that at least half of all grains be whole. In regard to major contributors, top sources of oils were potato chips, salad dressing, and nuts/seeds; major contributors of solid fats were grain-based desserts, cheese, and sausages. Sweetened carbonated beverages provided 37% of added sugars.Conclusions Americans do not, in general, consume the most nutrient-dense forms of basic food groups, instead consuming foods that are high in solid fats and added sugars. The main culprits-the foods that contribute most to discrepancies between recommendations and actual intake-are sweetened carbonated beverages and other sweetened beverages, grain-based desserts, nonskim dairy products, and fatty meats.