Children's lay theories about ingroups and outgroups: Reconceptualizing research on prejudice
Children's lay theories about ingroups and outgroups: Reconceptualizing research on prejudice
复制标题
DOI：
10.1207/s15327957pspr0502_3
复制
发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Fuligni, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cameron, JA;Alvarez, JM;Fuligni, AJ
从研究儿童群体间态度的发展文献中得出的共识是，儿童在3岁时就表现出种族偏见。然而，我们认为，由于许多发展研究混淆了群体内的积极性和群体外的消极性，很难确定幼儿是表现出群体内偏见还是群体外的贬损。此外，幼儿似乎没有表现出对外部群体的敌意；对内群体和外群体分别进行评估的研究表明，幼儿对内群体表现出积极的偏见，而不是消极地评价外群体。因此，我们认为，幼儿主要是利用一种基于感知的外行理论，而这种理论并不需要外群体的贬损。然而，我们认为，儿童的外行理论受制于社会结构条件和特定的社会转变，因此，可能导致偏见的发展。
The consensus from the developmental literature examining children's intergroup attitudes has been that children as young as 3 years of age exhibit racial prejudice. We suggest, however, that as much of the developmental research has confounded ingroup positivity and outgroup negativity, it becomes difficult to determine whether young children are displaying ingroup bias or outgroup derogation. Furthermore, it appears that young children are not demonstrating hostility toward outgroups; studies that have separately assessed evaluations toward the ingroup and outgroup demonstrate that rather than evaluating the outgroup negatively, young children are demonstrating a positivity bias toward their ingroup. We propose, therefore, that young children are primarily utilizing a perceptually based lay theory that does not necessitate outgroup derogation. We argue, however, that children's lay theories are subject to social structural conditions and specific social transitions, and hence, can lead to the development of prejudice.