The Legacy of Domestication: Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in the Dog Genome
The Legacy of Domestication: Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in the Dog Genome
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msn177
复制
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Webster, Matthew T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cruz, Fernando;Vila, Carles;Webster, Matthew T.
狗表现出比任何其他哺乳动物更多的表型变异，并受到各种遗传疾病的影响。然而，这种变异的起源和遗传基础仍然知之甚少。我们通过与其野生祖先灰狼的比较，研究了驯化对狗基因组的影响。我们使用全基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）数据比较了狗和狼基因的变异。在狗中发现的SNP的d（N）/d（S）比率（ω）比在狼中发现的高约50%，表明与非功能性遗传变异相比，在狗中分离的非同义等位基因的比例更高。我们认为，这些等位基因中的大多数是轻微有害的，两个主要因素可能有助于他们的增加。第一种是由于种群瓶颈和伴随驯化的育种模式改变而放松了选择约束。第二种是由于Hill-Robertson干扰，在与正选择下的那些基因座相关联的基因座处的有效群体大小减少。轻微有害的遗传变异的增加可能导致现代犬种疾病的流行。
Dogs exhibit more phenotypic variation than any other mammal and are affected by a wide variety of genetic diseases. However, the origin and genetic basis of this variation is still poorly understood. We examined the effect of domestication on the dog genome by comparison with its wild ancestor, the gray wolf. We compared variation in dog and wolf genes using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. The d(N)/d(S) ratio (omega) was around 50% greater for SNPs found in dogs than in wolves, indicating that a higher proportion of nonsynonymous alleles segregate in dogs compared with nonfunctional genetic variation. We suggest that the majority of these alleles are slightly deleterious and that two main factors may have contributed to their increase. The first is a relaxation of selective constraint due to a population bottleneck and altered breeding patterns accompanying domestication. The second is a reduction of effective population size at loci linked to those under positive selection due to Hill-Robertson interference. An increase in slightly deleterious genetic variation could contribute to the prevalence of disease in modern dog breeds.