Venomics Profiling of Thamnodynastes strigatus Unveils Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Novel Proteins Recruited to the Toxin Arsenal of Rear-Fanged Snakes
Venomics Profiling of Thamnodynastes strigatus Unveils Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Novel Proteins Recruited to the Toxin Arsenal of Rear-Fanged Snakes
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DOI：
10.1021/pr200876c
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Inacio L. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ching, Ana T. C.;Paes Leme, Adriana F.;Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Inacio L. M.
有后牙和无牙的蛇通常被认为对人类没有危险，因为它们注射毒液的能力有限。因此，只有少数研究致力于表征最大的蛇类动物群的毒液。在这里，我们研究了后方毒蛇Thamnodynastes strigatus的毒液蛋白质组，并结合毒腺的转录鉴定。大约60%的转录本编码推定的毒液成分。一个引人注目的发现是，蛇毒中最丰富的转录物类型(类似于47%)和主要的蛋白质类型对应于一种新的基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)，该酶与所有蛇科中发现的经典蛇毒金属蛋白酶无关。这些酶最近被认为是可能的毒液成分，我们在这里表明它们具有蛋白分解活性，很可能被从基质金属蛋白酶-9的祖先招募到毒液中。其他不同寻常的蛋白质也被认为是毒液成分：一种与乳胶粘连蛋白相关的蛋白质和一种含有EGF重复序列的转录本。尽管有这些不寻常的分子，但在典型的毒蛇中通常发现的七种毒素类别也存在于毒液中。这些结果支持了这样的证据，即这些蛇的武器库非常多样化，并且含有新型的具有生物重要性的分子。
Rear-fanged and aglyphous snakes are usually considered not dangerous to humans because of their limited capacity of injecting venom. Therefore, only a few studies have been dedicated to characterizing the venom of the largest parcel of snake fauna. Here, we investigated the venom proteome of the rear-fanged snake Thamnodynastes strigatus, in combination with a transcriptomic evaluation of the venom gland. About 60% of all transcripts code for putative venom components. A striking finding is that the most abundant type of transcript (similar to 47%) and also the major protein type in the venom correspond to a new kind of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that is unrelated to the classical snake venom metalloproteinases found in all snake families. These enzymes were recently suggested as possible venom components, and we show here that they are proteolytically active and probably recruited to venom from a MMP-9 ancestor. Other unusual proteins were suggested to be venom components: a protein related to lactadherin and an EGF repeat-containing transcript. Despite these unusual molecules, seven toxin classes commonly found in typical venomous snakes are also present in the venom. These results support the evidence that the arsenals of these snakes are very diverse and harbor new types of biologically important molecules.