Long-term low-calorie low-protein vegan diet and endurance exercise are associated with low cardiometabolic risk
Long-term low-calorie low-protein vegan diet and endurance exercise are associated with low cardiometabolic risk
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DOI：
10.1089/rej.2006.0529
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Holloszy, John O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fontana, Luigi;Meyer, Timothy E.;Holloszy, John O.
背景：西方饮食通常含有大量高能量的加工食品，加上久坐不动的生活方式，与心脏代谢风险增加有关。我们评估了食用低卡路里、低蛋白质的素食饮食或定期进行耐力运动对心脏代谢危险因素的长期影响。方法：在这项横断面研究中，对21名久坐不动的受试者(平均年龄53.1±11岁)、21名体重指数(BMI)匹配的耐力跑步者和21名年龄和性别匹配的久坐不动的西式饮食受试者进行了心脏代谢危险因素的评估。结果：低热量、低蛋白素食组和耐力跑组的体重指数分别为21.3±3.1 kg/m(2)和21.1±1.6 kg/m(2)，低于久坐西式饮食组(26.5±2.7 kg/m(2))(p<；0.005)。低热量、低蛋白纯素饮食组和跑步组的血脂、脂蛋白、血糖、胰岛素、C反应蛋白、血压和颈动脉内膜中层厚度均低于西方饮食组(均P<0.05)。低热量低蛋白纯素饮食组的收缩压和舒张压均低于体重指数匹配的耐力跑步者(12 2+/-13和72+/-9 mm Hg)和西食组(132+/-14和79+/-8 mm Hg)(p<；0.001)；血压与钠的摄入量直接相关，与钾和纤维的摄入量呈负相关。结论：长期食用低热量、低蛋白质的纯素饮食或定期进行耐力运动训练与低心脏代谢风险相关。此外，我们的数据表明，低卡路里、低蛋白质素食饮食中的特定成分对血压有额外的有益影响。
Background: Western diets, which typically contain large amounts of energy-dense processed foods, together with a sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. We evaluated the long-term effects of consuming a low-calorie low-protein vegan diet or performing regular endurance exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: In this crosssectional study, cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated in 21 sedentary subjects, who had been on a low-calorie low-protein raw vegan diet for 4.4 +/- 2.8 years, (mean age, 53.1 +/- 11 yrs), 21 body mass index (BMI)-matched endurance runners consuming Western diets, and 21 ageand gender-matched sedentary subjects, consuming Western diets. Results: BMI was lower in the low-calorie low-protein vegan diet (21.3 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)) and endurance runner (21.1 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) groups than in the sedentary Western diet group (26.5 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)) (p < 0.005). Plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, blood pressure (BP), and carotid artery intima-media thickness were lower in the low-calorie low-protein vegan diet and runner groups than in the Western diet group (all p < 0.05). Both systolic and diastolic BP were lower in the low-calorie low-protein vegan diet group (104 +/- 15 and 62 +/- 11 mm Hg) than in BMI-matched endurance runners (122 +/- 13 and 72 +/- 9 mmHg) and Western diet group (132 +/- 14 and 79 +/- 8 mm Hg) (p < 0.001); BP values were directly associated with sodium intake and inversely associated with potassium and fiber intake. Conclusions: Longterm consumption of a low-calorie low-protein vegan diet or regular endurance exercise training is associated with low cardiometabolic risk. Moreover, our data suggest that specific components of a low-calorie low-protein vegan diet provide additional beneficial effects on blood pressure.