The Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Residential Electricity Rate Designs
The Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Residential Electricity Rate Designs
复制标题
替代住宅电价设计的效率和分配效应
DOI：
10.5547/01956574.41.1.sbur
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Frederik vom Scheidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott P. Burger;Christopher R. Knittel;I. Pérez;Ian Schneider;Frederik vom Scheidt
电费通常向居民用户收取容量费率，涵盖大部分能源、输电和配电成本。由此产生的每单位用电量的价格并不反映边际成本，而且在时间和空间上几乎没有变化。分布式能源的出现--如太阳能光伏和储能--引发了监管机构和公用事业公司对改革电价以更有效地利用这些资源的兴趣。重新设计电价的经济压力，被对更有效的费率结构可能如何影响不同社会经济群体的担忧所抵消。我们使用间隔计量数据分析了替代费率计划对伊利诺伊州芝加哥地区100,000多名客户的账单影响。我们将这些数据与细粒度的人口普查数据相结合，以评估不同社会经济群体中账单变化的发生率。我们发现，在向更经济高效的电费过渡的过程中，低收入客户平均将面临账单上涨。然而，我们证明，对两部制关税中的固定费用进行简单的修改，可以在保留全部或绝大多数效率收益的同时缓解这些差异。这些设计完全依赖于可观察到的信息，并可以被美国许多地区的公用事业公司复制。
Electricity tariffs typically charge residential users a volumetric rate that covers the bulk of energy, transmission, and distribution costs. The resulting prices, charged per unit of electricity consumed, do not reflect marginal costs and vary little across time and space. The emergence of distributed energy resources—such as solar photovoltaics and energy storage—has sparked interest among regulators and utilities in reforming electricity tariffs to enable more efficient utilization of these resources. The economic pressure to redesign electricity rates is countered by concerns of how more efficient rate structures might impact different socioeconomic groups. We analyze the bill impacts of alternative rate plans using interval metering data for more than 100,000 customers in the Chicago, Illinois area. We combine these data with granular Census data to assess the incidence of bill changes across different socioeconomic groups. We find that low-income customers would face bill increases on average in a transition to more economically efficient electricity tariffs. However, we demonstrate that simple changes to fixed charges in two-part tariffs can mitigate these disparities while preserving all, or the vast majority, of the efficiency gains. These designs rely exclusively on observable information and could be replicated by utilities in many geographies across the U.S.