Amino acid signalling and the integration of metabolism
Amino acid signalling and the integration of metabolism
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.07.012
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发表时间：
2004-01-09
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Dubbelhuis, PF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meijer, AJ;Dubbelhuis, PF
近年来，氨基酸不仅是各种代谢途径的重要底物，而且它们还可以与胰岛素协同激活营养敏感的mTOR介导的信号传导途径。亮氨酸是这方面最有效的氨基酸。信号通路被AMP激活的蛋白激酶拮抗。氨基酸信号刺激蛋白质合成并抑制（自噬）蛋白质水解。此外，许多氨基酸引起细胞体积的增加。细胞肿胀本身刺激蛋白质、糖原和脂质的合成，部分是通过进一步刺激信号传导，部分是通过不相关的机制。氨基酸还刺激β细胞中的信号传导并刺激β细胞生长和增殖。这导致胰岛素的产生增加，从而增强氨基酸的合成代谢（和抗分解代谢）特性。最后，氨基酸依赖性信号传导控制脂肪细胞产生瘦素，从而有助于调节食欲。(C)2003年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
It has become clear in recent years that amino acids are not only important as substrates for various metabolic pathways but that they can also activate a nutrient-sensitive, mTOR-mediated, signalling pathway in synergy with insulin. Leucine is the most effective amino acid in this regard. The signalling pathway is antagonised by AMP-activated protein kinase. Amino acid signalling stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits (autophagic) proteolysis. In addition, many amino acids cause an increase in cell volume. Cell swelling per se stimulates synthesis of protein, glycogen, and lipid, in part by further stimulating signalling and in part by unrelated mechanisms. Amino acids also stimulate signalling in beta-cells and stimulate beta-cell growth and proliferation. This results in increased production of insulin, which enhances the anabolic (and anti-catabolic) properties of amino acids. Finally, amino acid-dependent signalling controls the production of leptin by adipocytes, and thus contributes to the regulation of appetite. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.