The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps
The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps
复制标题
移动应用程序辅助功能的现状
DOI：
10.1145/3300176
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Accessibility Research
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Yan;P. Ramachandran;Accessibility Research
本研究通过调查来自Google Play的23个业务类别的479个Android应用程序的图形用户界面（GUI）结构和对可访问性指南的符合性，评估了移动的应用程序的可访问性状态。一个自动化工具，IBM移动的可访问性测试（MAC），被用来识别可访问性问题，这些问题被分类为违规（V）、潜在违规（PV）或警告（W）。结果显示，94.8%、97.5%和66.4%的应用程序分别包含与V、PV或W相关的问题。五个小部件类别（TextView，ImageView，View，Button和ImageButton）用于创建GUI元素总数的92%，并分别导致89%，78%和86%的V，PV和W。这些可访问性问题主要是由于缺乏元素焦点、缺少元素描述、文本颜色对比度低、元素之间缺乏足够的间距以及文本字体和元素的最小尺寸不足造成的。总的来说，这些可访问性问题分别占V、PV和W的97.0%、77.8%和94.5%。这项研究提出了覆盖率的措施，以估计自动化工具确定的无障碍问题的百分比。结果显示，MAC平均识别出移动的应用程序中约67%的可访问性问题。本研究提出两个新的可达性一致性测度：不可达元素率（IAER）和可达性问题率（AIR）。IAER估计不可访问的GUI元素的百分比。AIR计算可访问性问题的实际数量相对于可访问性问题的最大数量的百分比。对于所研究的应用程序，V、PV和W的平均IAER和AIR评分分别为27.3%、19.9%、6.3%和20.7%、15.0%、5.4%。IAER分数显示大约30%的GUI元素存在可访问性问题，而AIR分数显示15%的可访问性问题仍然存在，需要修复以使应用程序可访问。
This study evaluated the status of accessibility in mobile apps by investigating the graphical user interface (GUI) structures and conformance to accessibility guidelines of 479 Android apps in 23 business categories from Google Play. An automated tool, IBM Mobile Accessibility Checker (MAC), was used to identify the accessibility issues, which were categorized as a violation (V), potential violation (PV), or warning (W). The results showed 94.8%, 97.5%, and 66.4% of apps studied contained issues related to V, PV, or W, respectively. Five widget categories (TextView, ImageView, View, Button, and ImageButton) were used to create 92% of the total number of the GUI elements and caused 89%, 78%, and 86% of V, PV, and W, respectively. These accessibility issues were mainly caused by lack of element focus, missing element description, low text color contrast, lack of sufficient spacing between elements, and less than minimum sizes of text fonts and elements. Together, these accessibility issues accounted for 97.0%, 77.8%, and 94.5% of V, PV, and W, respectively. This study proposed coverage measures to estimate the percentage of accessibility issues identified by an automated tool. The result showed that MAC, on average, identified about 67% of accessibility issues in mobile apps. Two new accessibility conformance measures were proposed in this study: inaccessible element rate (IAER) and accessibility issue rate (AIR). IAER estimates the percentage of GUI elements that are inaccessible. AIR calculates the percentage of the actual number of accessibility issues relative to the maximum number of accessibility issues. Average IAER and AIR scores were 27.3%, 19.9%, 6.3% and 20.7%, 15.0%, 5.4% for V, PV, and W, respectively, for the studied apps. The IAER score showed approximately 30% of the GUI elements had accessibility issues, and the AIR score indicated that 15% of the accessibility issues remained and need to be fixed to make the apps accessible.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Hanson, Vicki L.;Richards, John T.
通讯作者：
Richards, John T.