International Migration and the Nation State in Arab Countries
International Migration and the Nation State in Arab Countries
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国际移民与阿拉伯国家的民族国家
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Fargues
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Fargues
无论何时何地，国际移民和民族国家之间的关系都很艰难。虽然民族国家是一个社区，它承认自己是一个共享同一领土和同一叙事的民族，但国际移民被视为违背国家建国原则的人：移民，因为他们生活在他们仍然共享叙事的领土之外；移民，因为他们还没有成为新来者所在地区叙事的一部分。本文首先将回顾民族国家时代的阿拉伯移民是如何创造出与原籍国保持联系的外籍人口的。它将展示各国如何从对外籍人士不感兴趣甚至不信任，转变为将他们视为国家发展和建设的经济资源。本文将描述，与非洲或亚洲邻国相比，发展和安全优势如何使阿拉伯国家成为新一波国际移民和难民的接收国，其中包括一小部分被困在前往欧洲途中的过境移民，其中一些人将秘密抵达欧洲。虽然劳动力市场和社会在一定程度上对新来者开放，但阿拉伯民族国家越来越多地拒绝外国人成为正式成员，并最终拒绝他们成为公民。
International migration and the nation state have had, in all times and in all places, a difficult relationship. While the nation state is a community that recognises itself as one people sharing one territory and one narrative, international migrants are perceived as transgressors to the founding principle of the nation: emigrants, because they live outside the territory of which they still share the narrative; immigrants, because they are not yet part of the narrative attached to the territory in which they are newcomers. This article will, firstly, recall how Arab emigration in the age of nation-states has created an expatriate population that keeps links with its land of origin. It will show how states have shifted from disinterest and even distrust towards expatriates, to envisioning them as economic resources for national development and construction. The article will describe how development and security advantages, as compared with their African or Asian neighbours, have turned Arab states into receivers of new waves of international migrants and refugees, including a small minority of transit migrants stranded on their way to Europe, which some of them will reach clandestinely. While labour markets and, to a certain extent, societies are open to newcomers, Arab nation states demonstrate increasingly deny aliens full membership and, eventually, citizenship.