Sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting compensate for distorted 3D shape information, accounting for paradoxical perception-action dissociations
Sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting compensate for distorted 3D shape information, accounting for paradoxical perception-action dissociations
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00718.2019
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Domini, Fulvio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cesanek, Evan;Taylor, Jordan A.;Domini, Fulvio
视觉引导的运动可以显示令人惊讶的准确性，即使当感知的三维（3D）形状的目标是扭曲的。对这个悖论的一种解释是，一个进化上专门化的“行动视觉”系统通过选择性地依赖立体信息而忽略不太可靠的形状信息来源（如纹理和阴影）来提供准确的形状估计。然而，这一假设的关键支持来自于分析许多视觉交互中的平均行为的研究，其中可用的感官反馈加强了立体信息。本研究仔细考虑了反馈的影响，表明与倾斜表面的视觉交互实际上是使用与倾斜感知相同的线索组合函数来计划的，并且由于两个不同的监督学习过程：感觉运动适应和线索重新加权，可能会出现明显的解离。在两个实验中，我们表明，当一个扭曲的倾斜线索偏见的看法（例如，表面看起来平坦了固定的量），感觉运动适应迅速调整计划的抓握方向以补偿该恒定误差。然而，当失真的倾斜提示不可靠时，导致跨一组对象的可变误差（即，一些倾斜被高估，另一些被低估），然后逐渐调整相对线索权重以减少不可靠线索的误导效果，这与先前对线索重新加权的感知研究一致。这两种形式的学习的速度和灵活性提供了另一种解释，解释了为什么在实验中有时会发现感知和动作是分离的，其中一些3D形状线索与感官反馈一致，而另一些则是错误的。新&值得注意的是当与三维（3D）对象交互时，感官反馈可以通过监督学习来提高未来的表现。在这里，我们确认，自然的视觉交互导致感觉运动适应和线索重新加权，两个不同的学习过程，特别适合解决由偏见和嘈杂的3D形状线索所造成的错误。这些发现解释了为什么在实验中感知和行动经常被发现是分离的，其中一些线索与感官反馈一致，而另一些则是错误的。
Visually guided movements can show surprising accuracy even when the perceived three-dimensional (3D) shape of the target is distorted. One explanation of this paradox is that an evolutionarily specialized "vision-for-action" system provides accurate shape estimates by relying selectively on stereo information and ignoring less reliable sources of shape information like texture and shading. However, the key support for this hypothesis has come from studies that analyze average behavior across many visuomotor interactions where available sensory feedback reinforces stereo information. The present study, which carefully accounts for the effects of feedback, shows that visuomotor interactions with slanted surfaces are actually planned using the same cue-combination function as slant perception and that apparent dissociations can arise due to two distinct supervised learning processes: sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting. In two experiments, we show that when a distorted slant cue biases perception (e.g., surfaces appear flattened by a fixed amount), sensorimotor adaptation rapidly adjusts the planned grip orientation to compensate for this constant error. However, when the distorted slant cue is unreliable, leading to variable errors across a set of objects (i.e., some slants are overestimated, others underestimated), then relative cue weights are gradually adjusted to reduce the misleading effect of the unreliable cue, consistent with previous perceptual studies of cue reweighting. The speed and flexibility of these two forms of learning provide an alternative explanation of why perception and action are sometimes found to be dissociated in experiments where some 3D shape cues are consistent with sensory feedback while others are faulty.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When interacting with three-dimensional (3D) objects, sensory feedback is available that could improve future performance via supervised learning. Here we confirm that natural visuomotor interactions lead to sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting, two distinct learning processes uniquely suited to resolve errors caused by biased and noisy 3D shape cues. These findings explain why perception and action are often found to be dissociated in experiments where some cues are consistent with sensory feedback while others are faulty.