Self-assembled uniform keratin nanoparticles as building blocks for nanofibrils and nanolayers derived from industrial feather waste
Self-assembled uniform keratin nanoparticles as building blocks for nanofibrils and nanolayers derived from industrial feather waste
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130331
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发表时间：
2022-01-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hosano, Hamid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pakdel, Mona;Moosavi-Nejad, Zahra;Hosano, Hamid
鸡屠宰场会产生大量废物，主要是羽毛，需要妥善管理，以防止环境污染。回收的羽毛角蛋白具有低成本、生物可降解性、低免疫原性和胶体稳定性等优点，因此制备蛋白质基纳米材料具有很大的吸引力，这也是本研究的目的。基于羽毛角蛋白固有的自聚集能力，我们假设它可以用于形成小的纳米颗粒，以在生理介质中产生纳米结构，用于潜在的医疗目的。在这里，尿素和2-巯基乙醇（2 ME）被用来溶解羽毛角蛋白，而不破坏其一级结构。荧光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和圆二色光谱（CD）分析表明，透析去除尿素和2-ME后，角蛋白分子能够形成新的分子内二硫键和氢键，沿着疏水相互作用，恢复其三维构象.它们进一步自聚集成极小的均匀的13.33 nm直径的纳米颗粒，通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）测量，具有22.83 nm的流体动力学直径，通过动态光散射（DLS）测量。红外光谱和圆二色光谱表明纳米颗粒形成后角蛋白分子的β-折叠含量增加，刚果红测试表明它们本质上是部分淀粉样蛋白。纳米颗粒具有建立颗粒间键的高趋势，导致以纳米原纤维、纳米层和更大的纳米颗粒形式的新排列。在一种新的方法中，缓冲液的类型，孵育时间，温度，pH值和角蛋白分子的浓度进行了调整，以控制一维，二维和三维纳米结构的形成。在非降解溶解和受控pH、温度和浓度下的小纳米颗粒的自组装行为首次被用于产生具有可预测特性的纳米结构。研究结果为大规模开发新型生物医用角蛋白纳米材料/纳米复合材料提供了平台。
Chicken slaughterhouses can produce extensive waste, mainly feathers, that needs to be managed properly to prevent environmental pollution. Low cost, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and colloidal stability of recycled feather keratin makes it attractive to produce protein-based nanomaterials, which is the objective of this study. Based on feather keratin's inherent ability to self-aggregate, we hypothesize that it can be used to form small nanoparticles to create nanostructures in physiological media for potential medical purposes. Here, urea and 2-mercaptoethanol (2 ME) were used to solubilize feather keratin without damaging its primary structure. Fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies revealed that, after removing urea and 2 ME by dialysis, keratin molecules were able to form new intra-molecular disulfide and hydrogen bonds, along with hydrophobic interactions to regain their three-dimensional conformation. They further self-aggregated into extremely small uniform 13.33 nm diameter nanoparticles, measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), with 22.83 nm hydrodynamic diameter, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The FTIR and CD spectroscopy showed that the beta-sheet content of the keratin molecules increased after nanoparticle formation, and the Congo Red test indicated that they were partially amyloid in nature. The nanoparticles had a high tendency to establish interparticle bonds, leading to new arrangements in the form of nanofibrils, nanolayers, and larger nanoparticles. In a novel approach, the type of buffer, incubation time, temperature, pH, and concentration of keratin molecules were adjusted to control the formation of one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructures. The self-assembly behavior of small nanoparticles under non-degradative solubilization and controlled pH, temperature, and concentration, was utilized, for the first time, to generate nano-architected structures with predictable characteristics. The results provide a platform for the development of new biomedical keratin nanomaterials/nanocomposites on a large scale.