Father Death and Adult Success among the Tsimane: Implications for Marriage and Divorce.
Father Death and Adult Success among the Tsimane: Implications for Marriage and Divorce.
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提斯曼人的父亲死亡和成年成功：对婚姻和离婚的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.08.002
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaplan,Hillard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winking,Jeffrey;Gurven,Michael;Kaplan,Hillard
人类的父亲在世界各地大量参与抚养孩子。早期的进化论解释集中在与其他物种相比，人类儿童和母亲的需求更大，以及随之而来的投资父亲和配偶结合丈夫的利益增加。与这一假设相反，研究表明，男子的照顾对未成年子女的生存和身体健康的影响是跨文化的变量，往往是微不足道的。然而，对这一假设的正确检验还需要探索，与没有父亲的情况相比，在父亲投资下长大的孩子成年后的表现如何。我们在Tsimane中探索这个问题，他们表现出高水平的父亲供应和非常低的离婚率，通过测试早期父亲死亡对成年成功的五项指标的影响：完成身高，身体质量指数（BMI），首次生育年龄，完成生育年龄和存活后代的年龄。在这五个测试中，仅发现成年女儿的体重指数在预测方向上有显著影响。因此，没有实质性的证据表明齐曼父亲对成年子女的成功有很大的影响。我们探讨的替代解释的高水平的父亲参与和低离婚率之间观察到的Tsimane，包括男性的投资对夫妇的生育能力和女性的偏好和替代合作伙伴的可用性所施加的限制的积极影响。
Human fathers are heavily involved in the rearing of children around the world. Early evolutionary explanations focused on the greater need of human children and mothers compared to other species and the consequent increased benefits available to investing fathers and pair-bonded husbands. Contrary to this hypothesis, research suggests that the impact of men's care on the survivorship and physical well-being of juvenile offspring is cross-culturally variable and often unsubstantial. Proper testing of the hypothesis, however, also requires exploring how well children raised with paternal investment fare as adults, compared to those raised in the absence of fathers. We explore this issue among the Tsimane, who exhibit high levels of paternal provisioning and very low divorce rates, by testing the impact of early father death on five measures of adult success: completed height, body mass index (BMI), age of first reproduction, completed fertility for age and number of surviving offspring for age. Of these five tests, a significant effect in the predicted direction was found only for body mass index of adult daughters. Therefore, there is no substantial evidence that Tsimane fathers have a large impact on the success of adult children. We explore alternative explanations for the high levels of paternal involvement and low divorce rates observed among the Tsimane, including the positive effects of men's investments on couple fertility and the constraints imposed by female preferences and the availability of alternative partners.