Thermal biology of rocky intertidal mussels : Quantifying body temperatures using climatological data
Thermal biology of rocky intertidal mussels : Quantifying body temperatures using climatological data
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岩石潮间带贻贝的热生物学：利用气候数据量化体温
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Helmuth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Helmuth
尽管许多研究证明了体温对潮间带无脊椎动物健康的重要性，但令人惊讶的是，人们对正常野外条件下的体温知之甚少。使用在太平洋东北部半裸露的岩石潮间带海滩收集的环境数据，我比较了基于一系列时间尺度(5分钟至1小时)平均的小规模(小气候水平)环境数据对贻贝(Mytilus Calfornianus)体温的预测与使用连续测量产生的预测。通过使用每小时环境平均值预测最高和平均体温的误差一般不到1°-2°C。然后，我使用联邦气象数据库中的历史每小时天气数据预测了暴露在空中的贻贝的体温。我使用了华盛顿州奥林匹克半岛30年(1961-1990)期间收集的环境数据，估计了在一个典型的气候年，在航空暴露的条件下，两个潮汐高度的贻贝聚集体的体温。在≤的12小时内，估计的体温通常波动20°C或更多，与气温没有很好的相关性。数据表明，平均而言，该地点贻贝在春季(4-6月)比夏季(7-9月)热，秋季(10-12月)比冬季(1-3月)冷，这主要是由于潮汐周期在决定暴露时间方面的影响。将气候和潮汐周期的影响分离的模拟结果表明，在确定体温方面，空中暴露的时间可能在相对较小的空间尺度(<；100公里)上持续变化，可能比气候条件的季节性差异(春季和夏季)更重要。由于气候和潮汐周期对体温的交互影响，该地区生活在相同潮汐高度但相距仅数十公里的贻贝种群预计将经历非常不同的温度制度。因此，潮间带环境是在一系列空间和时间尺度上研究无脊椎动物热生物学的独特栖息地。
Despite numerous studies demonstrating the importance of body temperature to the fitness of intertidal invertebrates, surprisingly little is known of what these temperatures are under normal field conditions. Using environmental data collected at semi-exposed rocky intertidal beaches in the northeastern Pacific, I compared predictions of the body temperatures of mussels (Mytilus californianus) based on small-scale (microclimate-level) environmental data averaged over a range of time scales (5 minutes to 1 hour) to those generated using continuous measurements. The error in predicting maximum and mean body temperatures introduced through the use of hourly environmental averages was generally less than 1°–2°C. I then predicted body temperatures of mussels during aerial exposure using historical, hourly weather data from federal meteorological databases. I used environmental data collected over a 30-yr (1961–1990) period on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State to estimate the body temperatures of mussel aggregations at two tidal heights under conditions of aerial exposure during a “typical” climatological year. Estimated body temperatures commonly fluctuated by 20°C or more during a period of ≤12 h and did not correlate well with air temperatures. The data indicated that mussels were, on average, hotter at this site during spring (April–June) than in summer (July–September) and colder in autumn (October–December) than in winter (January–March), primarily due to the effect of tidal cycles in determining exposure time. Results of simulations where the effects of climate and tidal cycle were decoupled suggested that the timing of aerial exposure, which can vary consistently over relatively small spatial scales (<100 km), can be more important than seasonal (spring vs. summer) differences in climatic conditions in determining body temperatures. Because of the interactive effects of climate and tidal cycle on body temperatures, populations of mussels in this region living at the same tidal height but separated by only tens of kilometers are predicted to experience very different thermal regimes. As a result, the intertidal environment represents a unique habitat for investigating the thermal biology of invertebrates over a range of spatial and temporal scales.