BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in the Spock galaxy at redshift 1
BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in the Spock galaxy at redshift 1
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BUFFALO/手电筒：红移 1 处斯波克星系中透镜状超巨星丰度的限制
DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/202346761
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Cerny, Catherine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diego, Jose M.;Li, Sung Kei;Meena, Ashish K.;Niemiec, Anna;Acebron, Ana;Jauzac, Mathilde;Struble, Mitchell F.;Amruth, Alfred;Broadhurst, Tom J.;Cerny, Catherine
在这项工作中，我们提出了对红移≈ 1处超巨星(SG)丰度的限制，这是基于最近在该红移处观察到的强透镜弧线。首先，我们使用Beyond超深前沿场和遗留观测(BUFALO)计划的数据推导出了MACS的自由形式模型J0416.1-2403。新的透镜模型基于72个多透镜星系，产生了214幅多幅图像，使其成为该星系团中光谱确认的透镜星系中最大的样本。布法罗的更大覆盖率使我们能够测量到星系团外围的切变，并将透镜约束的范围从中心区域扩展到∼1 MPC，提供了到这个半径的质量估计。作为应用，我们对詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)在未来的观测中探测到的高红移倍增透镜星系的数量进行了预测。然后我们将重点放在一个已知的透镜星系atz= 1.0054，绰号Spock，它包含四个先前报道过的瞬变。我们将这些瞬变解释为SG恒星的微焦散交叉，并解释了我们是如何计算此类事件的概率的。基于对恒星演化的简化，我们发现在z= 1.0054的SG星的微透镜(由星团内介质中的恒星)可以完全解释这些事件。推算出的SG星丰度符合以下任一条件：(1)超过Humphreys-Davidson(HD)极限(红星为Lmax≈ 6 × 105L⊙)的恒星数密度低于∼400star−2；或(2)没有超过HD极限但SG数密度为∼9000kpc−2的恒星(亮度介于105L⊙和6 × 105L⊙之间)。这相当于每10个 × 10PC2有一个SG STAR。最后，我们用JWST的NIRCam对未来的观测进行了预测。我们发现，在F200W滤光片达到29 MAG AB的观测中，如果冷的红色SG星存在于超出HD限制的≈ 1处，它们应该很容易在这条弧线上被探测到。
In this work, we present a constraint on the abundance of supergiant (SG) stars at redshiftz≈ 1, based on recent observations of a strongly lensed arc at this redshift. First we derived a free-form model of MACS J0416.1-2403 using data from the Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier Fields and Legacy Observations (BUFFALO) program. The new lens model is based on 72 multiply lensed galaxies that produce 214 multiple images, making it the largest sample of spectroscopically confirmed lensed galaxies on this cluster. The larger coverage in BUFFALO allowed us to measure the shear up to the outskirts of the cluster, and extend the range of lensing constraints up to ∼1 Mpc from the central region, providing a mass estimate up to this radius. As an application, we make predictions for the number of high-redshift multiply lensed galaxies detected in future observations with theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST). Then we focus on a previously known lensed galaxy atz= 1.0054, nicknamed Spock, which contains four previously reported transients. We interpret these transients as microcaustic crossings of SG stars and explain how we computed the probability of such events. Based on simplifications regarding the stellar evolution, we find that microlensing (by stars in the intracluster medium) of SG stars atz= 1.0054 can fully explain these events. The inferred abundance of SG stars is consistent with either (1) a number density of stars with bolometric luminosities beyond the Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit (Lmax≈ 6 × 105L⊙for red stars), which is below ∼400 stars kpc−2, or (2) the absence of stars beyond the HD limit but with a SG number density of ∼9000 kpc−2for stars with luminosities between 105L⊙and 6 × 105L⊙. This is equivalent to one SG star per 10 × 10 pc2. Finally, we make predictions for future observations with JWST’s NIRcam. We find that in observations made with theF200Wfilter that reach 29 mag AB, if cool red SG stars exist atz≈ 1 beyond the HD limit, they should be easily detected in this arc.
DOI：
10.1136/ebmh.11.4.102
发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
Evidence Based Mental Health
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Cochat;L. Vaucoret;J. Sarles
通讯作者：
P. Cochat;L. Vaucoret;J. Sarles