Towards a cure for BCI illiteracy.

Towards a cure for BCI illiteracy.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10548-009-0121-6
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发表时间:
2010-06
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Blankertz, Benjamin
Blankertz, Benjamin
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vidaurre, Carmen;Blankertz, Benjamin

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脑机接口(BCI)允许用户通过所获取的大脑活动来控制计算机应用,例如,通过EEG。BCI研究的最大挑战之一是理解和解决“BCI文盲”问题,即BCI控制对不可忽略的一部分用户(估计为15%至30%)不起作用。在这里,我们调查的文盲问题的BCI系统的基础上调制的感觉运动节律。在本文中,提出了一个复杂的自适应方案,引导用户从一个初始的主体独立的分类器,操作简单的功能,主题优化的最先进的分类器在一个会话中,而用户交互的整个时间与相同的反馈应用程序。虽然初始运行使用监督自适应方法来进行用户和机器的鲁棒自适应学习,但最终运行使用无监督自适应,因此提供了BCI性能的无偏测量。使用这种方法,不涉及任何离线校准测量,良好的BCI参与者(也是一个新手)在3 - 6分钟的适应后获得了良好的表现。更重要的是,机器学习技术的使用使之前无法获得成功反馈的用户能够对BCI系统进行有效控制。特别是,一名参与者在实验开始时没有感觉运动空闲节律的峰值,但可以在会话过程中形成这样的峰值(并使用其幅度的自愿调制来控制反馈应用)。
Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow a user to control a computer application by brain activity as acquired, e.g., by EEG. One of the biggest challenges in BCI research is to understand and solve the problem of “BCI Illiteracy”, which is that BCI control does not work for a non-negligible portion of users (estimated 15 to 30%). Here, we investigate the illiteracy problem in BCI systems which are based on the modulation of sensorimotor rhythms. In this paper, a sophisticated adaptation scheme is presented which guides the user from an initial subject-independent classifier that operates on simple features to a subject-optimized state-of-the-art classifier within one session while the user interacts the whole time with the same feedback application. While initial runs use supervised adaptation methods for robust co-adaptive learning of user and machine, final runs use unsupervised adaptation and therefore provide an unbiased measure of BCI performance. Using this approach, which does not involve any offline calibration measurement, good performance was obtained by good BCI participants (also one novice) after 3–6 min of adaptation. More importantly, the use of machine learning techniques allowed users who were unable to achieve successful feedback before to gain significant control over the BCI system. In particular, one participant had no peak of the sensory motor idle rhythm in the beginning of the experiment, but could develop such peak during the course of the session (and use voluntary modulation of its amplitude to control the feedback application).
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