Ixodes affinis (Acari: Ixodidae) in southeastern Virginia and implications for the spread of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease
Ixodes affinis (Acari: Ixodidae) in southeastern Virginia and implications for the spread of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00191.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Gaff, Holly D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nadolny, Robyn M.;Wright, Chelsea L.;Gaff, Holly D.
近亲硬蜱Neumann是一种硬体（硬蜱）蜱，已知是莱姆病病原体伯氏疏螺旋体和其他人类疾病病原体的有效载体（Keirans et al. 1999）。在佛罗里达、格鲁吉亚和南卡罗来纳州以及整个沿海北卡罗来纳州均报告了近亲硬蜱（Clark等人，1998年; Harrison等人，2010年）。Harrison等人（2010）指出，I. affinis建立在整个沿海平原的北卡罗来纳州到弗吉尼亚州的边界，并建议我。近缘硬蜱在形态上与B的主要媒介肩胛硬蜱Say非常相似。产于美国东部。尽管I. affinis可以在形态上与I区分开来。肩胛肌（Durden和Keirans 1996，Keirans和Clifford 1978，奥利弗等人1987），野外采集的标本经常损坏，难以识别。这些硬蜱的分布。在某些区域重叠，这可能使视觉区分非常困难，特别是在青少年阶段（Keirans等人，1996）。了解这两个物种在病媒生态学中的作用，有助于确认分布区重叠地区硬蜱属蜱的身份（戈达德，1992年）。传统上我据报道，affinis成年人在炎热的夏季积极寻求，当我。成年肩胛肌处于休眠状态（Harrison et al. 2010）。I.近亲是不知道咬人类，但被认为是更重要的比人类叮咬载体，我。scapularis，在维持哺乳动物宿主物种中的地方性螺旋体循环中的作用（奥利弗1996，奥利弗等人2003）。I.近亲以许多常见的哺乳动物为食，因此可能扩大B的流行。burgdorferi和B. bissettii在这些水库主机（克拉克2004年）。这可能会增加受感染动物的数量，进而将病原体传播给I。肩胛肌
Ixodes affinis Neumann is a hard-bodied (ixodid) tick known to be a competent vector for Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and agents of other human diseases (Keirans et al. 1999). Ixodes affinis has been reported in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina and throughout coastal North Carolina (Clark et al. 1998, Harrison et al. 2010). Harrison et al.(2010) indicated that I. affinis was established throughout the coastal plain of North Carolina up to the Virginia border and suggested that I. affinis might occur in Virginia.Ixodes affinis is morphologically very similar to Ixodes scapularis Say, the primary vector for B. burgdorferi in the eastern United States. Although all active stages of I. affinis can be morphologically distinguished from I. scapularis (Durden and Keirans 1996, Keirans and Clifford 1978, Oliver et al. 1987), field-collected specimens are often damaged and difficult to identify. The distributions of these Ixodes spp. overlap in some areas, which can make visual distinction very difficult, particularly in juvenile stages (Keirans et al. 1996). Understanding the role of the two species in disease vector ecology provides an incentive to confirm the identity of any Ixodes species ticks in areas where ranges overlap (Goddard 1992). Traditionally I. affinis adults are reported to actively quest during the hot summer months when I. scapularis adults are dormant (Harrison et al. 2010). I. affinis are not known to bite humans, but are considered more important than the human biting vector, I. scapularis, in maintaining the enzootic spirochete cycle among mammalian host species (Oliver 1996, Oliver et al. 2003). I. affinis feed on many common species of mammals and as such may amplify the prevalence of B. burgdorferi and B. bissettii in these reservoir hosts (Clark 2004). Potentially this would increase the number of infected animals that in turn could transmit the pathogen to I. scapularis.