Variability in Performance: Identifying Early Signs of Future Cognitive Impairment
Variability in Performance: Identifying Early Signs of Future Cognitive Impairment
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028686
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zonderman, Alan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gamaldo, Alyssa A.;An, Yang;Zonderman, Alan B.
目的：目前的研究检查了认知表现的年与年之间的变化是否在认知未受损的个体和随后发展为痴呆症的个体之间存在差异。方法：分析包括巴尔的摩老龄化纵向研究（BLSA;平均[M]年龄= 69.90，标准差[SD] = 8.92）参与者的病例对照样本。根据初始测试时的年龄和性别，将135名临床诊断为痴呆的参与者与135名非痴呆参与者进行匹配。认知性能进行了检查，记忆，执行功能，注意力，语言和全球精神状态的表现。从基线至认知损害前5年检查认知表现（M，评估= 3.03，SD = 2.80）。结果如下：与未受损的个体相比，诊断为痴呆的个体在估计的认知障碍发作前至少5年在注意力、执行功能、语言和语义记忆的测量上具有更大的变异性，这可能指示适应不良的认知功能。然而，痴呆症病例的视觉记忆变异性比未受损组小，这可能表明这些病例在学习上有更多的困难。结论：这些结果表明，性能变异指数超过每年或两年一次的访问可能是有用的，在识别随后的认知功能障碍的早期迹象。
Objective: The current study examined whether year-to-year variability in cognitive performance differ between individuals cognitively unimpaired and individuals who subsequently develop dementia. Method: Analyses included a case-control sample of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA; mean [M] age = 69.90, standard deviation [SD] = 8.92) participants. One hundred and 35 clinically diagnosed demented participants were matched with 135 nondemented participants based on age at initial testing and sex. Cognitive performance was examined using measures of memory, executive function, attention, language, and global mental status performance. Cognitive performance was examined from baseline to 5 years before cognitive impairment (M, assessments = 3.03, SD = 2.80). Results: As compared with unimpaired individuals, individuals diagnosed with dementia had greater variability on measures of attention, executive function, language, and semantic memory at least 5 years before the estimated onset of cognitive impairment, which may be indicative of maladaptive cognitive functioning. The dementia cases, however, had less variability on visual memory than the unimpaired group, which may suggest that these cases had more difficulty learning. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that performance variability indexed over annual or biennial visits may be useful in identifying early signs of subsequent cognitive impairment.