Phylogenomic analysis, reclassification, and evolution of South American nemesioid burrowing mygalomorph spiders
Phylogenomic analysis, reclassification, and evolution of South American nemesioid burrowing mygalomorph spiders
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107377
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发表时间：
2022-01-10
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bond, Jason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Oca, Laura Montes P.;Indicatti, Rafael;Bond, Jason
Nemesiidae家族曾经是Mygalomorph蜘蛛家族中物种最丰富的家族之一。然而，在过去的几十年里，形态学和分子生物学的研究都集中在mygalomorph的单系发生恢复了该集团作为并系。因此，Nemesiidae的系统学最近有争议，在家庭组水平上有许多变化，并承认超家族分支Nemesioidina。事实上，在Opatova和合作者最近的一项研究中，六个Nemesiid属被转移到新重建的Pycnothelidae科。尽管有这些变化，12个南美nemesiid属仍然没有被放置，并归类为incertae sedis由于在分类单元采样的缺点。因此，我们评估了南美洲nemesioid物种和属的系统发育关系的主要目的是解决他们的家庭水平的位置。我们的工作代表了最详尽的南美Nemesiidae基因组采样，包括9个12属描述的大陆。利用蜘蛛锚定杂交富集探针组获得的457个位点重建了系统发育关系。根据这些结果，Nemesiidae，Pycnothelidae，Microstigmatidae和Cyrtaucheniidae不被认为是单系的。我们的研究还表明，包括Fufius属在内的谱系需要提升到科的水平（Rhytidicolidae Simon，1903（NEW RANK））。在Pycnothelidae中，我们识别/划分了五个亚科（Diplothelopsinae，Pionothelinae（新亚科），Prorachiinae（新亚科），Pselligminae（新等级），Pycnothelinae）。我们还将所有12个南美线虫属转移到Pycnothelidae：查科，Chilelopsis，Diplothelopsis，Flamencopsis，Hermachura，Longistylus，Lycinus，Neostothis，Prorachias，Psalistopoides，Pselligmus，Rachias。此外，我们还将小气门目Xenonemerma属转移到Pycnothelidae，并提出了以下属异名和种转移：Neostothis和Bayana是Pycnothele的初级异名（新异名），分别为P. gigas和P. labordai（新组合）; Hermachura是Stenoteromata的初级异名（新异名），为S. Flamencopsis是Chilelopsis（新同义词）的次同义词，与C. minima（新组合）;而Diplothelopsis是Lycinus（新同义词）的次同义词，如L. ornatus和L. Bonariensis（新组合）.考虑到转移的属和异名，Pycnothelidae现在包括15个已描述的属和137种。最后，这些结果提供了一个强大的系统发育框架，包括增强的分类采样，为进一步解决Pycnothelidae家庭的地理和进化的时间尺度。
The family Nemesiidae was once among the most species-rich of mygalomorph spider families. However, over the past few decades both morphological and molecular studies focusing on mygalomorph phylogeny have recovered the group as paraphyletic. Hence, the systematics of the family Nemesiidae has more recently been controversial, with numerous changes at the family-group level and the recognition of the supra-familial clade Nemesioidina. Indeed, in a recent study by Opatova and collaborators, six nemesiid genera were transferred to the newly re-established family Pycnothelidae. Despite these changes, 12 South American nemesiid genera remained unplaced, and classified as incertae sedis due to shortcomings in taxon sampling. Accordingly, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of South American nemesioid species and genera with the principle aim of resolving their family level placement. Our work represents the most exhaustive phylogenomic sampling for South American Nemesiidae by including nine of the 12 genera described for the continent. Phylogenetic re-lationships were reconstructed using 457 loci obtained using the spider Anchored Hybrid Enrichment probe set. Based on these results Nemesiidae, Pycnothelidae, Microstigmatidae and Cyrtaucheniidae are not considered monophyletic. Our study also indicates that the lineage including the genus Fufius requires elevation to the family level (Rhytidicolidae Simon, 1903 (NEW RANK)). In Pycnothelidae, we recognize/delimit five subfamilies (Diplothelopsinae, Pionothelinae (NEW SUBFAMILY), Prorachiinae (NEW SUBFAMILY), Pselligminae (NEW RANK), Pycnothelinae). We also transfer all the 12 South American nemesiid genera to Pycnothelidae: Chaco, Chilelopsis, Diplothelopsis, Flamencopsis, Hermachura, Longistylus, Lycinus, Neostothis, Prorachias, Psalistopoides, Pselligmus, Rachias. Additionally, we transferred the microstigmatid genus Xenonemesia to Pycnothelidae, and we propose the following generic synonymies and species transfers: Neostothis and Bayana are junior synonyms of Pycnothele (NEW SYNONYMY), as P. gigas and P. labordai, respectively (NEW COMBINATIONS); Hermachura is a junior synonym of Stenoterommata (NEW SYNONYMY), as S. luederwaldti (NEW COMBINATION); Flamencopsis is a junior synonym of Chilelopsis (NEW SYNONYMY), as C. minima (NEW COMBINATION); and Diplothelopsis is a junior synonym of Lycinus (NEW SYNONYMY), as L. ornatus and L. bonariensis (NEW COMBINATIONS). Considering the transferred genera and synonymies, Pycnothelidae now includes 15 described genera and 137 species. Finally, these results provide a robust phylogenetic framework that includes enhanced taxonomic sampling, for further resolving the biogeography and evolutionary time scale for the family Pycnothelidae.