Understanding the particokinetics of engineered nanomaterials for safe and effective therapeutic applications.
Understanding the particokinetics of engineered nanomaterials for safe and effective therapeutic applications.
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DOI：
10.1002/smll.201201630
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发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Motao Zhu;S. Perrett;Guangjun Nie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motao Zhu;S. Perrett;Guangjun Nie
越来越多的工程纳米材料 (ENM) 正在开发用于治疗和诊断应用。然而，ENM 的可调且多样的理化特性对理解其生物学行为、运输和生物分布提出了新的挑战。本文引入“粒子动力学”的概念来解决ENM在分子水平（包括重力沉降、分散、聚集以及与悬浮介质中生物分子的相互作用）、细胞水平（包括细胞摄取、运输、生物转化和消除）和整个生物体水平（包括体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄）的动态生物学行为。介绍了几种数学建模方法，指导对不同水平的生物行为进行定量描述。还提供了示例来描述 ENM 的物理化学性质对其颗粒动力学的影响。对 ENM 体内和体外粒子动力学的全面了解将有助于设计定制的功能性 ENM，这些 ENM 可以作为高效且可控的药物输送系统，且副作用最小。
Increasing numbers of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being developed for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, the tunable and varied physicochemical properties of ENMs pose a new challenge for understanding their biological behavior, trafficking, and biodistribution. Herein the concept of "particokinetics" is introduced to address the dynamic biological behavior of ENMs at the molecular level (including gravitational sedimentation, dispersion, aggregation, and interaction with biomolecules in suspending media), cellular level (including cellular uptake, transport, biotransformation, and elimination), and whole-organism level (including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in vivo). Several mathematical modeling methods are introduced which guide a quantitative description of their biological behavior at different levels. Examples are also provided to delineate the impact of the physicochemical properties of ENMs on their particokinetics. A comprehensive understanding of the in vivo and in vitro particokinetics of ENMs will facilitate the design of tailor-made functional ENMs that act as highly effective and controllable drug-delivery systems with minimal side-effects.