Areal, modular, and connectional organization of visual cortex in a prosimian primate, the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang).
Areal, modular, and connectional organization of visual cortex in a prosimian primate, the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang).
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DOI：
10.1159/000114169
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Preuss;P. D. Beck;J. Kaas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Preuss;P. D. Beck;J. Kaas
懒猴（英语：Slow lorises）（Nycticebus coucang）是一种夜行性的原猴纲灵长类动物，与长尾猴（Galago spp.）有密切关系。我们研究了视觉皮层的组织在四个半球从两个缓慢懒猴，使用连接和架构技术。将所有半球压平，并对切片进行髓鞘和细胞色素氧化酶（CO）染色。我们的研究结果表明，第一，在缓慢懒猴的主要视觉区（V1）有一个系统的小CO-密集的斑点，已被描述在大多数其他类人猿和原猴目灵长类动物检查到目前为止。第二视觉区（V2）的特征是由较浅染色区分隔的宽的、条状的CO染色密集区。洛里斯的V2条纹不如灵长类动物的明显，薄而厚的深色条纹也不明显。然而，V2条纹比Galago更好地发展，它们几乎不存在。注射小麦胚芽凝集素结合辣根过氧化物酶（WGA-HRP）在V1区显示与V2区，中颞（MT）和背外侧（DL）的纹外区的相互联系。MT区也通过其独特的、致密的髓鞘形成来识别。正如在类人猿中所报道的，DL可以分为单独的尾侧和吻侧部分，它们在髓鞘和CO染色以及它们与V1的连接强度方面不同。两者合计，我们的研究结果表明，许多特征的视觉皮层组织的灵长类动物中存在的原猴，因此可能在灵长类动物的历史早期进化，现代灵长类动物群体的多样化之前。
Slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang) are nocturnal prosimian (i.e. strepsirhine) primates, closely related to bushbabies (Galago spp.). We examined the organization of visual cortex in four hemispheres from two slow lorises, using connectional and architectonic techniques. All hemispheres were flattened and sections stained for myelin and cytochrome oxidase (CO). Our results indicate, first, that the primary visual area (V1) in slow lorises has a system of small CO-dense blobs, as has been described in most other anthropoid and prosimian primates examined to date. The second visual area (V2) is characterized by broad, stripe-like zones of dense CO staining separated by zones of lighter staining. Loris V2 stripes are less distinct than those of anthropoid primates, and separate classes of thin and thick dark stripes are not apparent. However, V2 stripes are much better developed than in Galago, where they are virtually absent. Injections of wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in area V1 revealed reciprocal connections with area V2, and the middle temporal (MT) and dorsolateral (DL) extrastriate areas. Area MT was also identified by its distinctive, dense myelination. As has been reported in anthropoids, DL can be divided into separate caudal and rostral divisions, which differ in myelin and CO staining, and in the strength of their connections with V1. Taken together, our results suggest that many of the features that characterize visual cortex organization in anthropoid primates are present in prosimians and thus probably evolved early in primate history, prior to the diversification of modern primate groups.