An Analysis of the Strategic Attributes of International Straits
An Analysis of the Strategic Attributes of International Straits
复制标题
国际海峡战略属性分析
DOI：
10.1080/03088837400000041
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发表时间：
1974
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Robert Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert Smith
海峡经常在国际法著作、条约、公约和法院判决中受到关注。几乎所有情况下的主要关切都是通过被认为是国际性的海峡的问题。由于国际海峡的功能是连接两个较大的水域，因此海峡的战略性质是基于这样一个事实，即通过海峡节省时间，成本和距离。目前，对现行国际海峡通行法存在争议。有人建议为某些海峡建立一个特别的司法制度，这一通行问题一直是海洋法会议的主要关切。如果提议建立一个特别司法制度，就会产生一个合乎逻辑的问题：应该采用什么标准来确定哪些海峡应置于新的管辖权之下？其他问题涉及制度的结构、职能和执行手段，但本文件只讨论有关标准的问题。其目的是建立一套可用于评估海峡战略重要性的标准;根据这些标准对某些海峡进行分类;并以马六甲海峡为重点，审查在国际海峡通行问题上的相互冲突的立场。（作者）
Straits have frequently received attention in international law writings, treaties, conventions, and court decisions. The primary concern in almost all situations has been the question of passage through those straits considered to be international. Since the function of an international strait is to connect two larger bodies of water, the strategic character of a strait is based on the fact that passage through the strait saves time, cost, and distance. Currently, there is controversy over the existing laws governing passage through international straits. Suggestions have been made that a special juridical regime be established for certain straits, and this passage issue has been a primary concern at the Law of the Sea Conference. If a special juridical regime be proposed, the logical question arises: What criteria should be employed to determine which straits are to be placed under the new jurisdiction? Other questions involve the structure of the regime, its function, and the means of implementation, but this paper addresses only the question regarding criteria. Its purpose is to establish a set of criteria which may be used to evaluate a strait's strategic importance; to categorize certain straits by these criteria; and to review the conflicting positions on the question of passage through international straits by focusing on the Malacca Strait. (Author)