Specific targeting, cell sorting, and bioimaging with smart magnetic silica core-shell nanomateriats
Specific targeting, cell sorting, and bioimaging with smart magnetic silica core-shell nanomateriats
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DOI：
10.1002/smll.200500360
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Park, SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoon, TJ;Yu, KN;Park, SB
磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）已被用于各种领域，例如用于制造轴承、密封件、润滑剂、热载体，以及用于印刷、记录和抛光介质。[1]近年来，磁纳米粒子在生物系统中的应用成为研究热点之一，包括磁共振成像、靶向给药、快速生物分离、生物传感器和磁热疗等。[2]探索纳米结构材料与生命系统之间的相互作用具有重要的理论意义和实用价值，它为新的跨学科研究领域“纳米生物科学”打开了新的大门。MNP在体外和体内生物医学应用中表现出巨大的潜力，[3]并且MNP的生物分布受到其大小，电荷和表面化学的强烈影响。[4]最近发表的报告表明，磁性纳米颗粒（或微粒），Fe 3 O 4，与各种靶向分子或抗体结合，可用于体外靶向特定细胞。[5]然而，纳米粒子表面的非共价修饰严重限制了其在生物学上的应用，因为暴露在纳米粒子表面的金属离子会导致金属元素在细胞中的毒性（体内模型）。[6]为了解决这个问题，我们的研究一直集中在开发合适的生物相容性材料的表面涂层的纳米粒子。选择二氧化硅（SiO2）用于MNP的表面改性，因为它是一种良好的生物相容性材料并且抗体内分解。[7]因此，二氧化硅包覆的核壳纳米颗粒在过去十年中得到了广泛的研究，[8]最近通过各种简单的方法合成了用于生物缀合的功能化表面，[9]用于生物系统。为了提高硅涂层核-壳纳米材料的多功能性，将有机荧光染料掺入二氧化硅壳中。因此，磁性和荧光性质使得能够对二氧化硅包覆的核-壳磁性纳米颗粒（MNP@SiO2）进行双重检测。[10]通过将荧光染料掺入二氧化硅壳中提供的额外优点是光化学稳定性的显著增加，即使在多次曝光后也会导致最小的光漂白，这是目前使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）的研究人员中非常重要的一个主题。还报道了包封在二氧化硅涂覆的核-壳结构中的有机染料由于“笼效应”而导致荧光强度增加。[11]因此，荧光杂化核-壳MNP是各种生物医学应用的有吸引力的候选者。我们最近报道了有机染料掺入的硅涂层核-壳MNP {MNP@SiO2（OD）s，OD：有机染料}的合成，其具有可控的壳厚度并且可以被各种细胞吸收。这些被细胞非特异性吸收的MNP@SiO2（OD）可以在外部施加的磁场的方向上移动，称为“磁马达效应”。[10b在这项研究中，MNP@SiO2的二氧化硅壳掺入了常用的有机染料（罗丹明B异硫氰酸酯，RITC，橙子，最大发射波长（lmax（em.））= 555 nm，或异硫氰酸荧光素，FITC，绿色，lmax（em.）= 518 nm）上修饰了不同的有机硅化合物（Si化合物），如（MeO）3Si-PEG（2-[甲氧基（聚乙烯氧基）丙基]三甲氧基硅烷：CH_3 O（CH_2CH_2 O）_6-9-CH_2CH_2CH_2Si（OCH_3）_3）和APS（3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷：（EtO）3SiO_2（CH_2）_3NH_2）。双重的表面.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in various areas, such as in the manufacture of bearings, seals, lubricants, heat carriers, and in printing, recording, and polishing media.[1] One of the rapidly developing research subjects involving MNPs is their application in biological systems, including their application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, rapid biological separation, biosensors, and magnetic hyperthermia therapy.[2] The exploration of the interaction between nanostructured materials and living systems is of fundamental and practical interest, and it opens new doors to novel interdisciplinary research field,“nanobioscience”. MNPs exhibited great potential for in vitro and in vivo biomedical application,[3] and the biodistribution of MNPs is strongly influenced by their size, charge, and surface chemistry.[4] Recently published reports indicate that magnetic nanoparticles (or microparticles), Fe3O4, conjugated with various targeting molecules or antibodies, can be used to target specific cells in vitro.[5] However, the noncovalent surface modification of nanoparticles has a serious limitation for biological applications, because the exposed metal ion on the surface of nanoparticles can cause metal elemental toxicities in cells (in vivo model).[6] To address this issue, our research has been focused on the development of suitable biocompatible materials for surface coating of nanoparticles. Silica (SiO2) was selected for surface modification of MNPs because it is a good biocompatible material and resistant to decomposition invivo.[7] Hence, silica-coated core–shell nanoparticles have been extensively studied over the past decade,[8] and these were recently synthesized with a functionalized surface for bioconjugation through various simple methods for application [9] in biological systems. To improve the versatility of silicacoated core–shell nanomaterials, an organic fluorescent dye was incorporated into the silica shell. Thus, the magnetic and fluorescence properties enables dual detection of the silica-coated core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@ SiO2).[10] The additional advantage provided by the incorporation of a fluorescent dye into the silica shell is the significant increase in photochemical stability, resulting in minimal photobleaching even after multiple exposures, which is currently a topic of great importance among researchers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). It was also reported that the organic dye encapsulated in the silica-coated core–shell architecture results in increased fluorescence intensity due to “caging effects”.[11] Therefore, fluorescence hybrid core–shell MNPs are attractive candidates for various biomedical applications. We recently reported the synthesis of organic dye-incorporated silicacoated core–shell MNPs {MNP@ SiO2 (OD) s, OD: organic dye} that had controllable shell thickness and could be taken up by various cells. These MNP@ SiO2 (OD) s nonspecifically taken up by cells could be moved in the direction of an externally applied magnetic field, referred to as the “magnetic motor effect”.[10b, 12] In this study, the silica shell of the MNP@ SiO2 incorporated with commonly used organic dyes (rhodamine B isothiocyanate, RITC, orange color, maximum emission wavelength (lmax (em.))= 555nm, or fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC, green color, lmax (em.)= 518nm) were modified with various functional organosilicon compounds (Si compounds), such as (MeO) 3Si-PEG(2-[methoxy (polyethyleneoxy) propyl] trimethoxysilane: CH3O (CH2CH2O) 6–9-CH2CH2CH2Si (OCH3) 3) and APS(3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane:(EtO) 3SiÀ (CH2) 3NH2). The surface of the dual …