Immunization alters body odor
Immunization alters body odor
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.022
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发表时间：
2014-04-10
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Beauchamp, Gary K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kimball, Bruce A.;Opiekun, Maryanne;Beauchamp, Gary K.
已有研究表明，感染会改变体味。由于免疫激活同时伴随着感染和免疫，我们测试了这样的假设，即经典免疫可能类似地导致训练有素的生物传感器小鼠可检测到的体味变化。使用Y迷宫，我们训练生物传感器小鼠区分接种狂犬病疫苗(RV)和未接种疫苗的对照组小鼠的尿味。RV训练的小鼠将这种训练推广到用马西尼罗河病毒(WNV)疫苗免疫的小鼠，并与相应对照组的尿液进行比较。这些结果表明，用这两种疫苗免疫的小鼠的体味有相似之处。当小鼠不能被训练来直接区分RV和WNV治疗的小鼠的尿味时，这一结论得到了加强。接下来，我们训练生物传感器小鼠辨别内毒素(LPS；一种天然免疫反应的一般诱导物)处理的小鼠的尿味和对照组小鼠的尿味。这些经过内毒素训练的生物传感器可以区分内毒素处理的小鼠尿液和轮状病毒处理的小鼠尿液的气味。最后，被训练来区分轮状病毒处理的小鼠尿液和对照小鼠尿液的气味的生物传感器小鼠并没有推广这种训练来区分内毒素处理的小鼠尿液和对照小鼠尿液的气味。通过这些实验，我们得出结论：(1)对于RV和WNV免疫，免疫以相似的方式改变尿味；(2)内毒素免疫激活也改变尿味，但方式不同于RV和WNV。由爱思唯尔公司出版。
Infections have been shown to alter body odor. Because immune activation accompanies both infection and immunization, we tested the hypothesis that classical immunization might similarly result in the alteration of body odors detectable by trained biosensor mice. Using a Y-maze, we trained biosensor mice to distinguish between urine odors from rabies-vaccinated (RV) and unvaccinated control mice. RV-trained mice generalized this training to mice immunized with the equine West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine compared with urine of corresponding controls. These results suggest that there are similarities between body odors of mice immunized with these two vaccines. This conclusion was reinforced when mice could not be trained to directly discriminate between urine odors of RV- versus WNV-treated mice. Next, we trained biosensor mice to discriminate the urine odors of mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a general elicitor of innate immunological responses) from the urine of control mice. These LPS-trained biosensors could distinguish between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and RV-treated mouse urine. Finally, biosensor mice trained to distinguish between the odors of RV-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine did not generalize this training to discriminate between the odors of LPS-treated mouse urine and control mouse urine. From these experiments, we conclude that: (1) immunization alters urine odor in similar ways for RV and WNV immunizations; and (2) immune activation with LPS also alters urine odor but in ways different from those of RV and WNV. Published by Elsevier Inc.