A hierarchical perspective on the diversity of butterfly species' responses to weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
A hierarchical perspective on the diversity of butterfly species' responses to weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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内华达山脉蝴蝶物种对天气反应多样性的分层视角。
DOI：
10.1890/13-1227.1
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
A. Shapiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Nice;M. Forister;Z. Gompert;J. Fordyce;A. Shapiro
在生物-非生物关系的研究中，有一个重要但尚未解决的问题是，在何种程度上近亲物种或生活在相似栖息地的物种对天气有相似的反应。我们通过对蝴蝶的长期数据集应用分层贝叶斯分析框架来解决这个问题，这使我们能够同时调查整个动物群和单个物种的反应。少数变量具有社区层面的影响。特别是，较高的年总雪深对蝴蝶的发生有积极的影响，而春季最低气温和4 - 5月El Niño-Southern涛动（ENSO）海面变量的标准化系数为负。我们最重要的发现是，在群落水平上有重大影响的变量不一定在所有物种中都有一致的反应。与其他具有较强群落效应的变量相比，雪深在物种水平上的响应更为相似。这种物种水平对天气变量反应的差异，为预测生物对变化的气候条件的反应带来了重要的复杂性。此外，我们发现，在考虑生态划分的群落子集时，可以检测到与天气的明显关联。例如，与非常住物种和非常住物种相比，常住物种和非常住物种对天气变量的响应更加统一，这表明它们对气候的局部适应。这些结果突出了生物-非生物相互作用的复杂性，并通过方法的进步来面对这种复杂性，使生态学家能够了解群落和变化的气候，同时揭示物种对气候的响应变化。
An important and largely unaddressed issue in studies of biotic-abiotic relationships is the extent to which closely related species, or species living in similar habitats, have similar responses to weather. We addressed this by applying a hierarchical, Bayesian analytical framework to a long-term data set for butterflies which allowed us to simultaneously investigate responses of the entire fauna and individual species. A small number of variables had community-level effects. In particular, higher total annual snow depth had a positive effect on butterfly occurrences, while spring minimum temperature and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea-surface variables for April-May had negative standardized coefficients. Our most important finding was that variables with large impacts at the community-level did not necessarily have a consistent response across all species. Species-level responses were much more similar to each other for snow depth compared to the other variables with strong community effects. This variation in species-level responses to weather variables raises important complications for the prediction of biotic responses to shifting climatic conditions. In addition, we found that clear associations with weather can be detected when considering ecologically delimited subsets of the community. For example, resident species and non-ruderal species had a much more unified response to weather variables compared to non-resident species and ruderal species, which suggests local adaptation to climate. These results highlight the complexity of biotic-abiotic interactions and confront that complexity with methodological advances that allow ecologists to understand communities and shifting climates while simultaneously revealing species-specific variation in response to climate.