Twitter and Disasters: A Social Resilience Fingerprint
Twitter and Disasters: A Social Resilience Fingerprint
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DOI：
10.1109/access.2019.2914797
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Benjamin A. Rachunok;J. Bennett;R. Nateghi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin A. Rachunok;J. Bennett;R. Nateghi
了解一个社区面对危机事件的应变能力，对于提高其适应能力至关重要。社区复原力已经被概念化为社区组成部分的复原力的函数，如生态、基础设施、经济和社会系统等。在本文中，我们引入了复原力指纹的概念，并提出了一种利用现有的社区复原力的定义和来自社交网络Twitter的数据来分析社区复原力的多维方法。分析了来自14个事件的推特数据，并计算了它们产生的弹性指纹。我们比较了不同事件之间的指纹，发现飓风和地震等重大灾害具有独特的韧性指纹，这在同一类型的不同事件之间是一致的。具体地说，飓风有一个明显的指纹，这使它们有别于其他重大事件。我们分析了飓风之间相似性的基础成分，发现社区韧性的生态、基础设施和经济成分是导致飓风社区韧性与其他重大事件不同的主要驱动因素。
Understanding the resilience of a community facing a crisis event is critical to improving its adaptive capacity. Community resilience has been conceptualized as a function of the resilience of components of a community such as ecological, infrastructure, economic, and social systems, etc. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a “resilience fingerprint” and propose a multi-dimensional method for analyzing components of community resilience by leveraging existing definitions of community resilience with data from the social network Twitter. Twitter data from 14 events are analyzed and their resulting resilience fingerprints computed. We compare the fingerprints between events and show that major disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes have a unique resilience fingerprint which is consistent between different events of the same type. Specifically, hurricanes have a distinct fingerprint which differentiates them from other major events. We analyze the components underlying the similarity among hurricanes and find that ecological, infrastructure and economic components of community resilience are the primary drivers of the difference between the community resilience of hurricanes and other major events.